1、优先级队列(数组实现)
优先级队列是比栈和队列更专用的数据结构,优先级队列中数据项的值有序,优先级队列有一个队头和一个队尾,并且也是从队列头移除数据项。不过在优先级队列中,数据项按关键字的值有序,这样关键字最小数据项(或者在某些实现中是关键字最大的数据项)总在队头。数据项插入的时候会按照顺序插入到合适的位置以确保队列的顺序。优先级队列数组实现:数组头为队列尾,数组尾为队列头,队列中数据项的值从队列头至队列尾越来越大。
插入:N/2 删除:O(1)
// to run this program: C>java PriorityQApp
class PriorityQ
{
// array in sorted order, from max at 0 to min at size-1
private int maxSize;
private long[] queArray;
private int nItems;
//-------------------------------------------------------------
public PriorityQ(int s) // constructor
{
maxSize = s;
queArray = new long[maxSize];
nItems = 0;
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------
public void insert(long item) // insert item
{
int j;
if(nItems==0) // if no items,
queArray[nItems++] = item; // insert at 0
else // if items,
{
for(j=nItems-1; j>=0; j--) // start at end,
{
if( item > queArray[j] ) // if new item larger,
queArray[j+1] = queArray[j]; // shift upward
else // if smaller,
break; // done shifting
} // end for
queArray[j+1] = item; // insert it
nItems++;
} // end else (nItems > 0)
} // end insert()
//-------------------------------------------------------------
public long remove() // remove minimum item
{ return queArray[--nItems]; }
//-------------------------------------------------------------
public long peekMin() // peek at minimum item
{ return queArray[nItems-1]; }
//-------------------------------------------------------------
public boolean isEmpty() // true if queue is empty
{ return (nItems==0); }
//-------------------------------------------------------------
public boolean isFull() // true if queue is full
{ return (nItems == maxSize); }
//-------------------------------------------------------------
} // end class PriorityQ
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class PriorityQApp
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
PriorityQ thePQ = new PriorityQ(5);
thePQ.insert(30);
thePQ.insert(50);
thePQ.insert(10);
thePQ.insert(40);
thePQ.insert(20);
while( !thePQ.isEmpty() )
{
long item = thePQ.remove();
System.out.print(item + " "); // 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
} // end while
System.out.println("");
} // end main()
//-------------------------------------------------------------
} // end class PriorityQApp
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////