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  • ASP.NET管道处理模型(二)

    从上一章中我们知道Http的任何一个请求最终一定是由某一个具体的HttpHandler来处理的,不管是成功还是失败

    而具体是由哪一个HttpHandler来处理,则是由我们的配置文件来指定映射关系:后缀名与处理程序的关系(IHttpHandler---IHttpHandlerFactory)

    但是我们都知道在MVC中访问时并没有使用什么后缀,而是使用路由去匹配,那这又是怎么回事呢?接下来我们就来谈谈这件事。

    首先我们来看下MVC中到底是由哪个HttpHandler来处理的:

    Home 控制器:

    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            ViewBag.CurrentHandler = base.HttpContext.CurrentHandler;
            return View();
        }
    }

    对应的 Index 视图:

    @{
        ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
    }
    
    <h2>
        This is Home/Index View
    </h2>
    <h1>
       @(ViewBag.CurrentHandler)
    </h1>
    <hr />

    看看此时 HttpContext.CurrentHandler 的输出结果:

    可以看到MVC中使用的HttpHandler是叫【System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler】。

    所谓MVC框架,其实就是在Asp.Net管道上扩展的,在PostResolveRequestCache事件扩展了UrlRoutingModule。

    会在任何请求进来后,先进行路由匹配,如果匹配上了就指定HttpHandler为MvcHandler,没有匹配上就还是走原始流程。

    那为什么要选择在PostResolveRequestCache这个事件进行扩展呢?

    从图中我们可以得知在PostResolveRequestCache事件之后就要指定请求该如何处理了,因此我们也就能理解为什么要选择在PostResolveRequestCache这个事件上面进行MVC扩展了。

    下面我们通过反编译工具来看一下 UrlRoutingModule 这个类:

    using System;
    using System.Globalization;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
    using System.Web.Security;
    
    namespace System.Web.Routing
    {
        [TypeForwardedFrom("System.Web.Routing, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=Neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35")]
        public class UrlRoutingModule : IHttpModule
        {
            private static readonly object _contextKey = new object();
    
            private static readonly object _requestDataKey = new object();
    
            private RouteCollection _routeCollection;
    
            public RouteCollection RouteCollection
            {
                get
                {
                    if (this._routeCollection == null)
                    {
                        this._routeCollection = RouteTable.Routes;
                    }
                    return this._routeCollection;
                }
                set
                {
                    this._routeCollection = value;
                }
            }
    
            protected virtual void Dispose()
            {
            }
    
            protected virtual void Init(HttpApplication application)
            {
                if (application.Context.Items[UrlRoutingModule._contextKey] != null)
                {
                    return;
                }
                application.Context.Items[UrlRoutingModule._contextKey] = UrlRoutingModule._contextKey;
                application.PostResolveRequestCache += new EventHandler(this.OnApplicationPostResolveRequestCache);
            }
    
            private void OnApplicationPostResolveRequestCache(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                HttpApplication httpApplication = (HttpApplication)sender;
                HttpContextBase context = new HttpContextWrapper(httpApplication.Context);
                this.PostResolveRequestCache(context);
            }
    
            [Obsolete("This method is obsolete. Override the Init method to use the PostMapRequestHandler event.")]
            public virtual void PostMapRequestHandler(HttpContextBase context)
            {
            }
    
            public virtual void PostResolveRequestCache(HttpContextBase context)
            {
                RouteData routeData = this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context);
                if (routeData == null)
                {
                    return;
                }
                IRouteHandler routeHandler = routeData.RouteHandler;
                if (routeHandler == null)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, SR.GetString("UrlRoutingModule_NoRouteHandler"), new object[0]));
                }
                if (routeHandler is StopRoutingHandler)
                {
                    return;
                }
                RequestContext requestContext = new RequestContext(context, routeData);
                context.Request.RequestContext = requestContext;
                IHttpHandler httpHandler = routeHandler.GetHttpHandler(requestContext);
                if (httpHandler == null)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, SR.GetString("UrlRoutingModule_NoHttpHandler"), new object[]
                    {
                        routeHandler.GetType()
                    }));
                }
                if (!(httpHandler is UrlAuthFailureHandler))
                {
                    context.RemapHandler(httpHandler);
                    return;
                }
                if (FormsAuthenticationModule.FormsAuthRequired)
                {
                    UrlAuthorizationModule.ReportUrlAuthorizationFailure(HttpContext.Current, this);
                    return;
                }
                throw new HttpException(401, SR.GetString("Assess_Denied_Description3"));
            }
    
            void IHttpModule.Dispose()
            {
                this.Dispose();
            }
    
            void IHttpModule.Init(HttpApplication application)
            {
                this.Init(application);
            }
        }
    }

    从上面的源码中我们大概可以知道:

    1、首先它是根据HttpContextBase从RouteCollection中获取RouteData,判断RouteData是否为空(也就是判断路由是否匹配上),如果路由匹配失败则还是走原始的Asp.Net流程,否则就走MVC流程。从中可以知道MVC和WebForm是可以共存的。也能解释为啥指定后缀请求需要路由的忽略。

    2、经过路由匹配得到RouteData,然后使用RouteData获取RouteHandler,接着再根据RouteHandler获取HttpHandler,最后将HttpContextBase上下文中的HttpHandler指定为这个HttpHandler。

    3、看完下文你就会知道从RouteCollection中获取的这个RouteHandler其实就是MvcRouteHandler,而最终获取到的这个HttpHandler其实就是MvcHandler

    我们继续通过反编译工具 沿着 this.RouteCollection.GetRouteData(context) 往里找:

    // System.Web.Routing.RouteCollection
    public RouteData GetRouteData(HttpContextBase httpContext)
    {
        if (httpContext == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("httpContext");
        }
        if (httpContext.Request == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException(SR.GetString("RouteTable_ContextMissingRequest"), "httpContext");
        }
        if (base.Count == 0)
        {
            return null;
        }
        bool flag = false;
        bool flag2 = false;
        if (!this.RouteExistingFiles)
        {
            flag = this.IsRouteToExistingFile(httpContext);
            flag2 = true;
            if (flag)
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
        using (this.GetReadLock())
        {
            foreach (RouteBase current in this)
            {
                RouteData routeData = current.GetRouteData(httpContext);
                if (routeData != null)
                {
                    RouteData result;
                    if (!current.RouteExistingFiles)
                    {
                        if (!flag2)
                        {
                            flag = this.IsRouteToExistingFile(httpContext);
                        }
                        if (flag)
                        {
                            result = null;
                            return result;
                        }
                    }
                    result = routeData;
                    return result;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    从此处我们可以发现,它是按照添加顺序进行匹配的,第一个吻合的就直接返回,后面的无效。

    说到RouteCollection其实我们并不陌生,在路由配置的时候就有用到它:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Mvc;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    
    namespace AspNetPipeline
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由是按照注册顺序进行匹配,遇到第一个吻合的就结束匹配,每个请求只会被一个路由匹配上。
        /// </summary>
        public class RouteConfig
        {
            public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
            {
                //忽略路由  正则表达式  {resource}表示变量   a.axd/xxxx   resource=a   pathInfo=xxxx
                //.axd是历史原因,最开始都是WebForm,请求都是.aspx后缀,IIS根据后缀转发请求;
                //MVC出现了,没有后缀,IIS6以及更早版本,打了个补丁,把MVC的请求加上个.axd的后缀,然后这种都转发到网站
                //新版本的IIS已经不需要了,遇到了就直接忽略,还是走原始流程
                routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); //该行框架自带的
    
                //.log后缀的请求忽略掉,不走MVC流程,而是用我们自定义的CustomHttpHandler处理器来处理
                routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.log/{*pathInfo}");
    
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "Default",
                    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
                );
            }
        }
    }

    我们将光标移动到MapRoute这个方法,然后按F12查看源码,可以发现它是来自 RouteCollectionExtensions 这个扩展类,如下所示:

    我们通过反编译工具找到这个类:

    我们重点关注其中的MapRoute方法:

    /// <summary>Maps the specified URL route and sets default route values, constraints, and namespaces.</summary>
    /// <returns>A reference to the mapped route.</returns>
    /// <param name="routes">A collection of routes for the application.</param>
    /// <param name="name">The name of the route to map.</param>
    /// <param name="url">The URL pattern for the route.</param>
    /// <param name="defaults">An object that contains default route values.</param>
    /// <param name="constraints">A set of expressions that specify values for the <paramref name="url" /> parameter.</param>
    /// <param name="namespaces">A set of namespaces for the application.</param>
    /// <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">The <paramref name="routes" /> or <paramref name="url" /> parameter is null.</exception>
    public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, string[] namespaces)
    {
        if (routes == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("routes");
        }
        if (url == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("url");
        }
        Route route = new Route(url, new MvcRouteHandler())
        {
            Defaults = RouteCollectionExtensions.CreateRouteValueDictionaryUncached(defaults),
            Constraints = RouteCollectionExtensions.CreateRouteValueDictionaryUncached(constraints),
            DataTokens = new RouteValueDictionary()
        };
        ConstraintValidation.Validate(route);
        if (namespaces != null && namespaces.Length != 0)
        {
            route.DataTokens["Namespaces"] = namespaces;
        }
        routes.Add(name, route);
        return route;
    }
    
    private static RouteValueDictionary CreateRouteValueDictionaryUncached(object values)
    {
        IDictionary<string, object> dictionary = values as IDictionary<string, object>;
        if (dictionary != null)
        {
            return new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary);
        }
        return TypeHelper.ObjectToDictionaryUncached(values);
    }

    可以看到RouteCollection字典容器的key就是路由配置中的name,这也就解释了路由配置中的name为啥需要唯一,另外RouteCollection字典容器的value存的是Route对象(正则规则 + MvcRouteHandler + 其它路由配置信息)。

    我们继续通过反编译工具找到 MvcRouteHandler,如下所示:

    using System;
    using System.Web.Mvc.Properties;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    using System.Web.SessionState;
    
    namespace System.Web.Mvc
    {
        /// <summary>Creates an object that implements the IHttpHandler interface and passes the request context to it.</summary>
        public class MvcRouteHandler : IRouteHandler
        {
            private IControllerFactory _controllerFactory;
    
            /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Web.Mvc.MvcRouteHandler" /> class.</summary>
            public MvcRouteHandler()
            {
            }
    
            /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Web.Mvc.MvcRouteHandler" /> class using the specified factory controller object.</summary>
            /// <param name="controllerFactory">The controller factory.</param>
            public MvcRouteHandler(IControllerFactory controllerFactory)
            {
                this._controllerFactory = controllerFactory;
            }
    
            /// <summary>Returns the HTTP handler by using the specified HTTP context.</summary>
            /// <returns>The HTTP handler.</returns>
            /// <param name="requestContext">The request context.</param>
            protected virtual IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
            {
                requestContext.HttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(this.GetSessionStateBehavior(requestContext));
                return new MvcHandler(requestContext);
            }
    
            /// <summary>Returns the session behavior.</summary>
            /// <returns>The session behavior.</returns>
            /// <param name="requestContext">The request context.</param>
            protected virtual SessionStateBehavior GetSessionStateBehavior(RequestContext requestContext)
            {
                string text = (string)requestContext.RouteData.Values["controller"];
                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(MvcResources.MvcRouteHandler_RouteValuesHasNoController);
                }
                return (this._controllerFactory ?? ControllerBuilder.Current.GetControllerFactory()).GetControllerSessionBehavior(requestContext, text);
            }
    
            /// <summary>Returns the HTTP handler by using the specified request context.</summary>
            /// <returns>The HTTP handler.</returns>
            /// <param name="requestContext">The request context.</param>
            IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
            {
                return this.GetHttpHandler(requestContext);
            }
        }
    }

    找到其中关键方法:

    可以发现这个方法的返回值是固定写死的,就是返回MvcHandler的一个实例。由此我们知道从RouteCollection中获取的HttpHandler其实就是MvcHandler。

    至此,我们对MVC的处理流程应该就有个大概认识了,下面我们通过一张图来总结一下MVC的处理流程:

    既然原理我们都知道了,那下面我们就可以去做一些有用的扩展。

    例如:扩展我们的路由。

    从上文中我们知道,路由配置其实就是将Route对象添加到RouteCollection字典中,而从反编译工具中我们可以得知Route的基类是RouteBase:

    那下面我们就来自定义一个Route:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Mvc;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    
    namespace AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义路由
        /// </summary>
        public class CustomRoute : RouteBase
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 如果是 Chrome/74.0.3729.169 版本,允许正常访问,否则跳转提示页
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="httpContext"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public override RouteData GetRouteData(HttpContextBase httpContext)
            {
                //httpContext.Request.Url.AbsoluteUri
                if (httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains("Chrome/74.0.3729.169"))
                {
                    return null; //继续后面的
                }
                else
                {
                    RouteData routeData = new RouteData(this, new MvcRouteHandler()); //还是走MVC流程
                    routeData.Values.Add("controller", "home");
                    routeData.Values.Add("action", "refuse");
                    return routeData; //中断路由匹配
                }
            }
    
            public override VirtualPathData GetVirtualPath(RequestContext requestContext, RouteValueDictionary values)
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }

    然后将其添加到RouteCollection字典中:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Mvc;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    
    using AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend;
    
    namespace AspNetPipeline
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由是按照注册顺序进行匹配,遇到第一个吻合的就结束匹配,每个请求只会被一个路由匹配上。
        /// </summary>
        public class RouteConfig
        {
            public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
            {
                //忽略路由  正则表达式  {resource}表示变量   a.axd/xxxx   resource=a   pathInfo=xxxx
                //.axd是历史原因,最开始都是WebForm,请求都是.aspx后缀,IIS根据后缀转发请求;
                //MVC出现了,没有后缀,IIS6以及更早版本,打了个补丁,把MVC的请求加上个.axd的后缀,然后这种都转发到网站
                //新版本的IIS已经不需要了,遇到了就直接忽略,还是走原始流程
                routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); //该行框架自带的
    
                //.log后缀的请求忽略掉,不走MVC流程,而是用我们自定义的CustomHttpHandler处理器来处理
                routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.log/{*pathInfo}");
    
                routes.Add("chrome", new CustomRoute());
    
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "Default",
                    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
                );
            }
        }
    }

    最后我们来访问一下 /home/index 页面,运行结果如下所示:

    仔细观察后你会发现我们访问的是 /home/index 页面,但是此时却输出了 /home/refuse 页面,说明我们的路由扩展成功了。

    除了去扩展Route,此外我们也可以去扩展MvcRouteHandler,如下所示:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Mvc;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    
    using AspNetPipeline.Pipeline;
    
    namespace AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义MvcRouteHandler
        /// </summary>
        public class CustomMvcRouteHandler : MvcRouteHandler
        {
            protected override IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext)
            {
                //requestContext.HttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(this.GetSessionStateBehavior(requestContext));
                //return new MvcHandler(requestContext);
    
                return new CustomHttpHandler(); //将MvcHandler替换成自定义的HttpHandler
            }
        }
    }

    同样的,我们将其添加到RouteCollection字典中:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Mvc;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    
    using AspNetPipeline.RouteExtend;
    
    namespace AspNetPipeline
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由是按照注册顺序进行匹配,遇到第一个吻合的就结束匹配,每个请求只会被一个路由匹配上。
        /// </summary>
        public class RouteConfig
        {
            public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
            {
                //忽略路由  正则表达式  {resource}表示变量   a.axd/xxxx   resource=a   pathInfo=xxxx
                //.axd是历史原因,最开始都是WebForm,请求都是.aspx后缀,IIS根据后缀转发请求;
                //MVC出现了,没有后缀,IIS6以及更早版本,打了个补丁,把MVC的请求加上个.axd的后缀,然后这种都转发到网站
                //新版本的IIS已经不需要了,遇到了就直接忽略,还是走原始流程
                routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); //该行框架自带的
    
                //.log后缀的请求忽略掉,不走MVC流程,而是用我们自定义的CustomHttpHandler处理器来处理
                routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.log/{*pathInfo}");
    
                routes.Add("config", new Route("log/{*pathInfo}", new CustomMvcRouteHandler()));
                routes.Add("chrome", new CustomRoute());
    
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "Default",
                    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
                );
            }
        }
    }

    最后我们来访问下 /log/a 运行结果如下所示:

    右键查看网页源代码:

    可以发现输出了我们想要的东西,说明我们的MvcRouteHandler扩展成功了。

    小结:

    1、扩展自己的Route,写入RouteCollection,可以自定义规则完成路由。

    2、扩展HttpHandle,就可以为所欲为,跳出MVC框架。

    至此本文就全部介绍完了,如果觉得对您有所启发请记得点个赞哦!!!  

    Demo源码:

    链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Rb4uq0yB_iB3VsonwiCFKw 
    提取码:68r6

    此文由博主精心撰写转载请保留此原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/xyh9039/p/15216683.html

    版权声明:如有雷同纯属巧合,如有侵权请及时联系本人修改,谢谢!!!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xyh9039/p/15216683.html
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