Nginx上配置使用自签名证书

问题

1. openssl和keytool生成证书有什么区别？参考地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangshitong/p/9015482.html
2. 自签名证书和CA机构颁发的证书的区别？参考地址：https://blog.csdn.net/jakejohn/article/details/104644213

使用openssl创建自签名证书步骤

1. 生成CA根证书

       1) 创建私钥（rootCA.key）

       2) 创建CA根证书（rootCA.crt）

       3) 安装CA根证书

2. 生成CA自签证书

       1) 创建私钥

       2) 创建CSR

       3) 使用CA根证书签名CSR

生成CA根证书

（1）创建私钥

openssl genrsa -out rootCA.key 2048

（2）创建CA根证书

openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key rootCA.key -sha256 -days 1024 -out rootCA.crt

输入以下信息：

-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:VMware
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Euc
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:172.16.28.80
Email Address []:none@none.com

（3）安装CA根证书

设置->隐私设置和安全性->安全->管理证书->受信任的根证书颁发机构->导入生成的证书（rootCA.crt）

 生成CA自签证书

（1）创建私钥

openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048

（2）编辑openssl.cnf文件，修改 IP.1，IP.2，DNS.1的配置

#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME            = .
RANDFILE        = $ENV::HOME/.rnd

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file        = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section        = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions        = 
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca' and 'req'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca    = CA_default        # The default ca section

####################################################################
[ CA_default ]

dir        = ./demoCA        # Where everything is kept
certs        = $dir/certs        # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir        = $dir/crl        # Where the issued crl are kept
database    = $dir/index.txt    # database index file.
new_certs_dir    = $dir/newcerts        # default place for new certs.

copy_extensions = copy
certificate    = $dir/cacert.pem     # The CA certificate
serial        = $dir/serial         # The current serial number
crl        = $dir/crl.pem         # The current CRL
private_key    = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
RANDFILE    = $dir/private/.rand    # private random number file

x509_extensions    = usr_cert        # The extentions to add to the cert

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions    = crl_ext

default_days    = 365            # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30            # how long before next CRL
default_md    = md5            # which md to use.
preserve    = no            # keep passed DN ordering

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy        = policy_match

# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName        = match
stateOrProvinceName    = match
organizationName    = match
organizationalUnitName    = optional
commonName        = supplied
emailAddress        = optional

# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName        = optional
stateOrProvinceName    = optional
localityName        = optional
organizationName    = optional
organizationalUnitName    = optional
commonName        = supplied
emailAddress        = optional

####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits        = 1024
default_keyfile     = privkey.pem
distinguished_name    = req_distinguished_name
attributes        = req_attributes
x509_extensions    = v3_ca    # The extentions to add to the self signed cert

# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret

# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options. 
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix     : PrintableString, BMPString.
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings.
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: current versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings
# so use this option with caution!
string_mask = nombstr

req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName            = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default        = AU
countryName_min            = 2
countryName_max            = 2

stateOrProvinceName        = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default    = Some-State

localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)

0.organizationName        = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default    = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName        = Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default    = World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName        = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
#organizationalUnitName_default    =

commonName            = Common Name (eg, YOUR name)
commonName_max            = 64

emailAddress            = Email Address
emailAddress_max        = 40

# SET-ex3            = SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword        = A challenge password
challengePassword_min        = 4
challengePassword_max        = 20

unstructuredName        = An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType            = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment            = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer:always

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy

# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl        = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
IP.1 = 172.16.28.80
IP.2 = 172.16.28.79
DNS.1 = www.cqyuexingapp.com
[ v3_ca ]


# Extensions for a typical CA


# PKIX recommendation.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer:always

# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical
# extensions.
#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
# So we do this instead.
basicConstraints = CA:true

# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA

# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF

[ crl_ext ]

# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer:always

  创建CSR文件，修改yourpath为你的openssl文件路径

openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config {yourpath}/openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req

注意：此时除Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []外需要输入与创建CA根证书时相同的信息。此处Common Name 应该输入服务器（Server）的Ip或域名（与在浏览器地址栏需要访问的保持一致）

（3）使用CA根证书签名CSR，注意： server.crt 的时间期限（-days）不能超过CA根证书的时间期限

openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA rootCA.crt -CAkey rootCA.key -CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 500 -sha256 -extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf

生成的证书文件

在Nginx配置文件nginx.conf中添加配置信息，ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key是生成的密钥文件

    # HTTPS server
    #
    server {
        listen        443 ssl;
        server_name  172.16.28.80;
        ssl_certificate      /home/nginx_key/server.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key  /home/nginx_key/server.key;

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
        #接口地址代理
        location / {
             root   html;
             index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }

问题：libssl.so.1.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory，使用官网地址下载，安装时间有点长。

参考地址：https://qq52o.me/2732.html

文章参考地址：

1.Linux相关-nginx配置https(自签名证书)

2.如何使用"OpenSSL"自签证书

3.openssl.cnf文件