【Java】-- Java网络编程小记

Java网络编程

1. 获取网络地址ip/domin

InetAddress 获取

package com.fengye.socket.ipaddress;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * @Description:
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 11:30
 */
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        InetAddress deskTopName = InetAddress.getByName("DESKTOP-3POL04N");  // 本机用户名
        InetAddress bdAddress = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
        byte[] address = new byte[]{(byte) 192, (byte) 168,5,2};
        InetAddress byAddress = InetAddress.getByAddress(address);
        System.out.println(inetAddress);  // /127.0.0.1
        System.out.println(localhost);   // localhost/127.0.0.1
        System.out.println(localHost);  // DESKTOP-3POL04N/192.168.1.4
        System.out.println(deskTopName);  // DESKTOP-3POL04N/192.168.1.4
        System.out.println(bdAddress);    // www.baidu.com/39.156.66.18
        System.out.println(byAddress);    // /192.168.5.2
        
        System.out.println(localhost.getAddress());
        System.out.println(localhost.getCanonicalHostName());   // 获取规范名
        System.out.println(localhost.getHostAddress());         // ip
        System.out.println(localhost.getHostName());             // 域名 主机名
    }
}

2.Port 端口

• 计算机端口号用于区分不同的进程

• 计算机端口按端口号可分为3大类：

（1）公认端口：从0到1023，它们紧密绑定于一些服务。通常这些端口的通讯明确表明了某种服务的协议。常用的有：http: 80 https: 443 ftp: 21 ssh: 22 telnet: 23

（2）注册端口：从1024到49151。它们松散地绑定于一些服务。也就是说有许多服务绑定于这些端口，这些 端口同样用于许多其它目的。常用的有：TomCat: 8080 MySql: 3306 Oracle:1506

（3）动态和私有端口：从49152到65535。理论上，不应为服务分配这些端口。实际上，机器通常从 1024起分配动态端口。

 

• 对于不同的传输层传输协议，在进行数据封装时包头信息不一样，即使UDP包和TCP包使用同一个端口，也不会导致端口冲突。

• 查看端口命令

netstat -a # 
netstat -ano|findstr "7024" #查看指定端口
tasklist|findstr "7024" # 查看指定端口进程

InetSocketAddress

package com.fengye.socket.socketaddress;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 * @Description:
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 11:42
 */
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress localhost = new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.4", 8080); // ip/主机+创建端口对象
        System.out.println(localhost.getAddress());  //  /192.168.1.4
        System.out.println(localhost.getHostName());  //  DESKTOP-3POL04N
        System.out.println(localhost.getPort()); // 获得端口号  8080
        System.out.println(localhost.getHostString());  // DESKTOP-3POL04N
    }
}

 

3.通信协议

传输层通信协议

• TCP：面向连接

• UDP：非面向连接

 

4.TCP编程实现

Java语言的基于套接字编程分为服务端编程和客户端编程，其通信模型如图所示：

4.1.TCP编程简单C/S通信示例

1、客户端Socket的工作过程包含以下四个基本的步骤：

创建 Socket：根据指定服务端的 IP 地址或端口号构造 Socket 类对象。若服务器端响应，则建立客户端到服务端的通信路线。若连接失败，则会出现异常。

打开连接到 Socket 的输入/出流： 使用 getInputStream()方法获得输入流，使用 getOutputStream()方法获得输出流，进行数据传输

按照一定的协议对 Socket 进行读/写操作：通过输入流读取服务器放入线路的信息(但不能读取自己放入路线的信息)，通过输出流将信息写入线程

/**
 * @Description:
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 11:56
 */
public class TestTcpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("你好，我是机器人小爱，正在为你转接人工服务通信，建立连接中。。。".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        if (outputStream != null) {
            outputStream.close();
        }
        if (socket != null) {
            socket.close();
        }
    }
}

 

2、服务器(服务端)程序的工作过程包含以下四个基本的步骤：

调用 ServerSocket(int port) ：创建一个服务器端套接字，并绑定到指定端口 上。用于监听客户端的请求。

调用 accept()：监听连接请求，如果客户端请求连接，则接受连接，返回通信 套接字对象。

调用该Socket类对象的 getOutputStream() 和 getInputStream ()：获取输出 流和输入流，开始网络数据的发送和接收。

/**
 * @Description:
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 12:09
 */
public class TestTcpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
        System.out.println("连接建立中");
        Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
        System.out.println("与"+clientSocket.getInetAddress()+"成功建立连接");
        InputStream inputStream = clientSocket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len=0;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
            System.out.println(out.toString());
        }
        if(out!=null)
            out.close();
        if (inputStream!=null)
            inputStream.close();
        if (clientSocket!=null)
            clientSocket.close();
        if (serverSocket!=null)
            serverSocket.close();
    }
}

4.2.TCP编程实现C/S文件传输

Server:

package com.fengye.socket.tcp;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * @Description: 服务端负责接收文件
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 12:22
 */
public class TestTcpFileTransportServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(4396);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        byte[] bufferFile = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        File received = new File("E:\Workspaces\Java\JavaSocket\src\com\fengye\socket\tcp\images\test.png");
        FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(received);
        while ((len=inputStream.read(bufferFile))!=-1){
            output.write(bufferFile,0,len);
        }
        // 接受完毕，告知客户断开连接
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("接收成功".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        output.close();
        inputStream.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

Client:

package com.fengye.socket.tcp;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @Description: 客户端向服务端传送文件
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 12:17
 */
public class TestTcpFileTransportClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建socket
        Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",4396);
        // 创建流
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        // 读取文件
        File file = new File("E:\Workspaces\Java\JavaSocket\src\com\fengye\socket\tcp\images\img.png");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        // 文件输入流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        // 写入流
        int len;
        while ((len=fileInputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            outputStream.write(buffer);
        }
        // 文件传输结束，关闭输出
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        byte buffer2[] = new byte[20];
        ByteArrayOutputStream msg = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            msg.write(buffer2,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(msg);
        msg.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fileInputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

5.UDP 编程

1、类DatagramSocket 和 DatagramPacket 实现了基于 UDP 协议网络程序。

2、UDP数据报通过数据报套接字 DatagramSocket 发送和接收，系统不保证 UDP数据报一定能够安全送到目的地，也不能确定什么时候可以抵达。

3、DatagramPacket 对象封装了UDP数据报，在数据报中包含了发送端的IP地址和端口号以及接收端的IP地址和端口号。

4、UDP协议中每个数据报都给出了完整的地址信息，因此无须建立发送方和接收方的连接。如同发快递包裹一样。

 

UDP网络通信流程

1、DatagramSocket与DatagramPacket

2、建立发送端，接收端

3、建立数据包

4、调用Socket的发送、接收方法

5、关闭Socket

 

接收方：

package com.fengye.socket.udp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TestUdpGet {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(2200);
        while (true){
            //接收数据
            byte[] buffer  = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

            socket.receive(packet);  //阻塞接收
            System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
            String msg = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength());
            if (msg.equals("shutdown")){
                System.out.println("Connection has been closed");
                socket.close();
                return;
            }
            System.out.println(msg);
        }
    }
}

发送方

package com.fengye.socket.udp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class TestUdpSend {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(1111);
        Scanner reader = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true){
            String data = reader.nextLine();
            byte[] msgBytes = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msgBytes, 0, msgBytes.length, localhost, 2200);
            socket.send(datagramPacket);
            if (data.equals("shutdown")){
                System.out.println("Connection is closed ");
                reader.close();
                socket.close();
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}

多线程实现聊天功能

package com.fengye.socket.udp.threadchat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * @Description: 消息发送方线程
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 13:14
 */
public class MsgSender implements Runnable{

    private String destinationAddress;
    private int destinationPort;

    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    public MsgSender(int sourcePort, int destinationPort, String destinationAddress) throws SocketException {
        this.destinationAddress = destinationAddress;
        this.destinationPort = destinationPort;
        this.socket = new DatagramSocket(sourcePort);
        this.reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] dataByte = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(dataByte,0,dataByte.length,
                        new InetSocketAddress(destinationAddress, destinationPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if(data.equals("shutdown")){
                    reader.close();
                    socket.close();
                    return;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

package com.fengye.socket.udp.threadchat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

/**
 * @Description: 消息接收方线程
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 13:23
 */
public class MsgReceiver implements Runnable{
    private int port;
    private String msgSeeder;
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    public MsgReceiver(int port, String msgSeeder) throws SocketException {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgSeeder = msgSeeder;
        socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                byte[] msgBuffer = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msgBuffer,0,msgBuffer.length);
                socket.receive(packet);
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String msg = new String(data,0, packet.getLength());
                if (msg.equals("shutdown")) {
                    socket.close();
                    return;
                }
                System.out.println(msgSeeder+": "+msg);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * @Description: 发送目的端口和监听消息端口必须一致
 * @Author: huang
 * @Date: 2021/5/5 13:27
 */
public class TestClient01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {
        new Thread(new MsgSender(1233,
                8888,"localhost")).start();
        new Thread(new MsgReceiver(8888,"T1客户端")).start();
    }
}

public class TestClient02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {
        new Thread(new MsgSender(1234,
                8800,"localhost")).start();
        new Thread(new MsgReceiver(8800,"T2客户端")).start();
    }
}

6.URL 编程

url：统一资源定位符

格式：<协议>://<主机><端口>/<路径>

package com.fengye.socket.url;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class TestUrl {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 1.资源地址
        URL url = new URL("http://music.163.com/song/media/outer/url?id=1403528956.mp3");
        // 2.url解析
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); // 协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost()); // 主机
        System.out.println(url.getPort()); // 端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());
        System.out.println(url.getFile());
        System.out.println(url.getQuery()); // 参数
        System.out.println(url.getAuthority());
        System.out.println(url.getContent()); // 内容
        // 3.连接资源url
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream stream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        // 4. 文件输出流到 test.mp3
        FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("test.mp3");
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=stream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        // 5.下载完毕关闭流和url连接
        stream.close();
        outputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}

参考博文：

Java网络编程

本博客涉及示例代码均已上传至GitHub地址：

JavaSocket