python 代理的使用

这里分享一个测试ip的网址     http://ip.filefab.com/index.php

scrapy 随机请求头和代理ip的使用原理

import random

# 添加一个中间键

class User_AgentMiddleware(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.user_agent = [
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
        ]

　　　# scrapy抓取前修改请求头
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # 添加代理
        request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://119.42.70.216:8080'   # 这里不区分 http还是https代理
        # 添加随机请求头
        ua = random.choice(self.user_agent)
        request.headers['User-Agent'] = ua
        # 默认返回None， 继续执行下一步操作
        # Response: 直接返回（没有经过process_response， 和process_exception）
        # Request: 重新进行调用本次process_request的请求
        # IgnoreRequest:

　　# 判断应抓到网页的状态
    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        print(response.headers)
        if response.status != 200:
            return request
        else:
            return response
    # 必须有返回值
    # request： 重新进行调用本次process_request的请求
    # response：返回源码
    # IgnoreRequest: 抛出异常， 则Request的errorback()方法被回调。 如异常没被处理， 则会被忽略

request中添加代理

# 首先确认代理的类型 是http还是https的来判断proxie的取值

proxie = {
    "http": "http://113.71.211.184:8197",
}


respons = requests.get('http://ip.filefab.com/index.php', proxies=proxie)
doc = etree.HTML(respons.text)
print(doc.xpath('.//h1[@id="ipd"]/span/text()'))