使用docker安装并运行nginx命令：
docker run --name=nginx -p 80:80 -d docker.io/nginx
使用命令：
docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash 进入容器可查看到几个重要的文件
配置文件：nginx.conf 在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
日志文件： /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log
使用cat命令打开nginx.conf
1 root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 2 3 user nginx; 4 worker_processes 1; 5 6 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; 7 pid /var/run/nginx.pid; 8 9 10 events { 11 worker_connections 1024; 12 } 13 14 15 http { 16 include /etc/nginx/mime.types; 17 default_type application/octet-stream; 18 19 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 20 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 21 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; 22 23 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; 24 25 sendfile on; 26 #tcp_nopush on; 27 28 keepalive_timeout 65; 29 30 #gzip on; 31 32 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; 33 } 34 root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx#
发现第32行，配置了一个子配置文件，进入conf.d发现有一个default.conf文件
打开default.conf文件：
1 root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf 2 server { 3 listen 80; 4 listen [::]:80; 5 server_name localhost; 6 7 #charset koi8-r; 8 #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main; 9 10 location / { 11 root /usr/share/nginx/html; 12 index index.html index.htm; 13 } 14 15 #error_page 404 /404.html; 16 17 # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html 18 # 19 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 20 location = /50x.html { 21 root /usr/share/nginx/html; 22 } 23 24 # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 25 # 26 #location ~ .php$ { 27 # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; 28 #} 29 30 # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 31 # 32 #location ~ .php$ { 33 # root html; 34 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 35 # fastcgi_index index.php; 36 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; 37 # include fastcgi_params; 38 #} 39 40 # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root 41 # concurs with nginx's one 42 # 43 #location ~ /.ht { 44 # deny all; 45 #} 46 } 47 48 root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d#
在浏览器中输入:http://192.168.11.241
从default.conf中11行可以看出，index页面在/usr/share/nginx/html
现在，我们配置一下容器卷：
docker rm -f nginx 删除一下之前的容器
再次执行比较完整的命令：
1 docker run 2 --restart=always 3 --name nginx 4 -d -p 80:80 5 -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html 6 -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 7 -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d 8 -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx 9 nginx
这里有几个注意事项：
（1）第一个“-v”，是项目位置，把html代码放到挂载到的目录下即可；
（2）第二个“-v”，是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf"，注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;"，
这个include指向了子配置文件的路径，此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。
（3）第三个“-v”，把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来，注意要与（2）中include指向路径一致
（4）重点强调一下，nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件（docker是不推荐这样用的），conf.d挂载的是一个目录
我们先启动一下，可以发现是有问题的，因为配置文件还没有。
[root@zuul-server data]# docker run --name nginx -d -p 80:80 -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx nginx c8d49810b4afd4b6661beb942f0f19a67cf64f9798af9d2eb8a2aa242b2af434 docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "process_linux.go:449: container init caused "rootfs_linux.go:58: mounting \"/data/nginx/nginx.conf\" to rootfs \"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged\" at \"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\" caused \"not a directory\""": unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type.
很明显，报错了，容器也没有启动成功，怎么解决了？
解决办法：
1 进入/data/nginx目录，
2 删除nginx.conf文件夹 rm -rf nginx.conf
3 新建nginx.conf文件 touch nginx.conf
4 然后把之前cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf的内容放入到nginx.conf
5 同理,cd /data/nginx/conf.d ，touch default.conf,把之前 cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中的内容放入到新建的default.conf中。
最后 docker restart nginx 搞定。
需要配置一个端口转发功能，业务需求是：以http://192.168.11/241/mp开头的请求需要重定向到http://192.168.11.241:20001/mp上，
刚开始把 proxy_pass 对应的路径写成了 http://127.0.0.1:20001/；导致报404错误，原因很简单，nginx运作在容器里面，肯定找不到http://127.0.0.1:20001/,浪费了我一点点时间，一时没转过弯来。
1 server { 2 listen 80; 3 server_name localhost; 4 5 #charset koi8-r; 6 #access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main; 7 8 location / { 9 #root /usr/nginx/dacheng-wechat-web; 10 #root /usr/nginx/html; 11 root /usr/share/nginx/html; 12 index index.html index.htm; 13 autoindex on; 14 # try_files $uri /index/index/page.html; 15 # try_files $uri /index/map/page.html; 16 } 17 18 location /mp { 19 proxy_pass http://192.168.11.241:20001/; 20 21 } 22 23 24 #error_page 404 /404.html; 25 26 # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html 27 # 28 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 29 location = /50x.html { 30 root /usr/share/nginx/html; 31 } 32 33 # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 34 # 35 #location ~ .php$ { 36 # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; 37 #} 38 39 # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 40 # 41 #location ~ .php$ { 42 # root html; 43 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 44 # fastcgi_index index.php; 45 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; 46 # include fastcgi_params; 47 #} 48 49 # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root 50 # concurs with nginx's one 51 # 52 #location ~ /.ht { 53 # deny all; 54 #} 55 }
