使用docker安装nginx并配置端口转发

使用docker安装并运行nginx命令：

 docker run --name=nginx -p 80:80 -d docker.io/nginx

使用命令：

docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash 进入容器可查看到几个重要的文件

配置文件：nginx.conf 在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

日志文件： /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log

使用cat命令打开nginx.conf

root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx#

发现第32行，配置了一个子配置文件，进入conf.d发现有一个default.conf文件

打开default.conf文件：

root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf 
server {
    listen       80;
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ .php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ .php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# 

在浏览器中输入:http://192.168.11.241

 从default.conf中11行可以看出，index页面在/usr/share/nginx/html

现在，我们配置一下容器卷：

docker rm -f nginx 删除一下之前的容器

再次执行比较完整的命令：

docker run 
 --restart=always 
 --name nginx 
 -d -p 80:80 
 -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html 
 -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
 -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d 
 -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx 
 nginx

这里有几个注意事项：

（1）第一个“-v”，是项目位置，把html代码放到挂载到的目录下即可；

（2）第二个“-v”，是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf"，注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;"，

         这个include指向了子配置文件的路径，此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。

（3）第三个“-v”，把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来，注意要与（2）中include指向路径一致

（4）重点强调一下，nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件（docker是不推荐这样用的），conf.d挂载的是一个目录

我们先启动一下，可以发现是有问题的，因为配置文件还没有。

[root@zuul-server data]# docker run  --name nginx  -d -p 80:80  -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html  -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf  -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d  -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx  nginx
c8d49810b4afd4b6661beb942f0f19a67cf64f9798af9d2eb8a2aa242b2af434
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "process_linux.go:449: container init caused "rootfs_linux.go:58: mounting \"/data/nginx/nginx.conf\" to rootfs \"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged\" at \"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\" caused \"not a directory\""": unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type.

　　

很明显，报错了，容器也没有启动成功，怎么解决了？

解决办法：

1 进入/data/nginx目录，

2 删除nginx.conf文件夹  rm  -rf nginx.conf

3 新建nginx.conf文件    touch nginx.conf

4 然后把之前cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf的内容放入到nginx.conf

5 同理,cd /data/nginx/conf.d ，touch default.conf,把之前 cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中的内容放入到新建的default.conf中。

最后 docker restart nginx 搞定。

 需要配置一个端口转发功能，业务需求是：以http://192.168.11/241/mp开头的请求需要重定向到http://192.168.11.241:20001/mp上，

刚开始把 proxy_pass 对应的路径写成了 http://127.0.0.1:20001/；导致报404错误，原因很简单，nginx运作在容器里面，肯定找不到http://127.0.0.1:20001/,浪费了我一点点时间，一时没转过弯来。

server {
 listen  80;
 server_name localhost;
  
 #charset koi8-r;
 #access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
  
 location / {
  #root /usr/nginx/dacheng-wechat-web;
  #root /usr/nginx/html;
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  index index.html index.htm;
  autoindex on;
  # try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;
  # try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;
 }

location /mp {
  proxy_pass http://192.168.11.241:20001/;

}

  
 #error_page 404    /404.html;
  
 # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
 #
 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
 location = /50x.html {
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
 }
  
 # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
 #
 #location ~ .php$ {
 # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
 #}
  
 # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
 #
 #location ~ .php$ {
 # root   html;
 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 # fastcgi_index index.php;
 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
 # include  fastcgi_params;
 #}
  
 # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
 # concurs with nginx's one
 #
 #location ~ /.ht {
 # deny all;
 #}
}