expect介绍
借助Expect处理交互的命令,可以将交互 过程如:ssh登录,ftp登录等写在一个脚本上,使之自动化完成.尤其适用于需 要对多台服务器执行相同操作的环境中,可以大大提高系统管理人员的工作效率
expect安装
[root@ansible ssh]# rpm -qa | grep expect
expect-5.45-14.el7_1.x86_64
[root@ansible ssh]# yum install expect
expect 语法
expect [选项] [ -c cmds ] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile ] [ args ]
选项
-c：从命令行执行expect脚本，默认expect是交互地执行的
示例：expect -c 'expect " " {send "pressed enter "}
-d：可以输出输出调试信息
示例：expect -d ssh.exp
expect中相关命令
spawn：启动新的进程
send：用于向进程发送字符串
expect：从进程接收字符串
interact：允许用户交互
exp_continue 匹配多个字符串在执行动作后加此命令
expect最常用的语法(tcl语言:模式-动作)
单一分支模式语法：
expect “hi” {send “You said hi "} 匹配到hi后,会输出“you said hi”，并换行
多分支模式语法:
expect "hi" { send "You said hi " } "hehe" { send “Hehe yourself " } "bye" { send “Good bye " }
匹配hi,hello,bye任意字符串时,执行相应输出.等同如下:
expect { "hi" { send "You said hi "} "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself "} "bye" { send “Good bye "} }
自动拷贝文件到远程主机
执行expect 不能以bash file 的方式来执行 (开启一个子shell进程)
必须通过 chmod +x file ./file 这样的方式 (不会开启子shell进程,只在当前shell环境中执行)
expect 如果只交互一次如拷贝文件 结尾就使用 expect eof
如果需要连续交互如登录远程主机执行各种命令结尾就需使用 interact
1.安装expect 系统默认没有此命令 yum install expect 2.创建配置文件 [root@ansible ssh]# vi hosts 192.168.31.134 root root 192.168.31.135 root root 192.168.31.136 root root 3.编写脚本 [root@ansible ssh]# ls copykey.sh hosts [root@ansible ssh]# vi copykey.sh #!/bin/bash if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa else echo "id_rsa has created ..." fi #分发到各个节点 while read line do user=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2` ip=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1` passwd=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3` expect <<EOF set timeout 10 spawn ssh-copy-id $user@$ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes ";exp_continue } "password" { send "$passwd " } } expect "password" { send "$passwd " } EOF done < hosts 4.给脚本执行权限 chmod +x copykey.sh 5.执行脚本 ./copykey.sh
1 #!/usr/bin/expect 2 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root 3 expect { 4 "yes/no" { send "yes ";exp_continue } 5 "password" { send "root " } 6 } 7 expect eof 8 9 10 11 [root@centos7 ~]# bash one.expect 12 one.expect: line 2: spawn: command not found 13 couldn't read file "{": no such file or directory 14 one.expect: line 4: yes/no: No such file or directory 15 one.expect: line 4: exp_continue: command not found 16 one.expect: line 5: password: command not found 17 one.expect: line 6: syntax error near unexpected token `}' 18 one.expect: line 6: `}' 19 [root@centos7 ~]# ./one.expect 20 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root 21 The authenticity of host '192.168.33.129 (192.168.33.129)' can't be established. 22 RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:FzQU22CgZBnSbmZAuoypliidxPK9PsOFjJwcYUZWk5E. 23 RSA key fingerprint is MD5:a8:2b:51:c3:dc:09:65:89:78:d2:d5:e0:9f:e9:30:1a. 24 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes 25 Warning: Permanently added '192.168.33.129' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. 26 root@192.168.33.129's password: 27 fstab
1 #!/usr/bin/expect 2 set ip [lindex $argv 0] 3 set user [lindex $argv 1] 4 set password [lindex $argv 2] 5 set timeout 10 6 spawn ssh $user@$ip 7 expect { 8 "yes/no" { send "yes ";exp_continue } 9 "password" { send "$password " } 10 } 11 expect "]#" { send "useradd haha " } 12 expect "]#" { send "echo aaa|passwd --stdin haha " } 13 send "exit " expect eof 14 #./ssh4.exp 192.168.8.100 root aa
1 #!/bin/bash 2 ip=$1 3 user=$2 4 password=$3 5 expect <<EOF 6 set timeout 10 7 spawn ssh $user@$ip 8 expect { 9 "yes/no" { send "yes ";exp_continue } 10 "password" { send "$password " } 11 } 12 expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe " } 13 expect "]#" { send "echo rrr|passwd --stdin hehe " } 14 expect "]#" { send "exit " } expect eof 15 EOF 16 #./ssh5.sh 192.168.8.100 root aaa