我们先来看一个最简单的文件下载的例子:
1 package com.yyz.response; 2 3 import java.io.FileInputStream; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.io.OutputStream; 6 7 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 11 //文件下载 12 public class ResponseDemo extends HttpServlet { 13 14 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 15 throws ServletException, IOException { 16 String realpath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download/1.gif"); 17 String filename = realpath.substring(realpath.lastIndexOf("\")+1); 18 response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+filename); 19 //服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器以下载方式打开数据 20 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realpath); 21 int len = 0; 22 byte buffer[]=new byte[1024]; 23 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); 24 while((len = in.read(buffer))>0){ 25 out.write(buffer, 0, len); 26 } 27 in.close(); 28 //out不用close,response在销毁的时候服务器会自动关闭与response相关的流。 29 } 30 31 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 32 throws ServletException, IOException { 33 doGet(request,response); 34 } 35 }
该段代码的功能是从服务器端下载图片1.png。目录结构用MyEclipse的package explorer显示如下:
让我们增加一点难度,我们要下载的文件是一个中文名字的文件。由于在http协议中头文件中的东西只能是ASCII字符,因而通过上述方式(直接将 String realpath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download/1.gif");改为 String realpath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download/图片.gif");)直接拿文件,
会出现乱码问题。附上测试结果:
要解决这个问题,要用到 URLEncoder类的encode方法:
1 package com.yyz.response; 2 3 import java.io.FileInputStream; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.io.OutputStream; 6 import java.net.URLEncoder; 7 8 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 12 //中文文件下载时,中文文件名要经过URL编码。 13 public class ResponseDemo extends HttpServlet { 14 15 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 16 throws ServletException, IOException { 17 String realpath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download/图片.gif"); 18 String filename = realpath.substring(realpath.lastIndexOf("\")+1); 19 response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8")); 20 //本函数将字符串以 URL 编码 21 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realpath); 22 int len = 0; 23 byte buffer[]=new byte[1024]; 24 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); 25 while((len = in.read(buffer))>0){ 26 out.write(buffer, 0, len); 27 } 28 in.close(); 29 } 30 31 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 32 throws ServletException, IOException { 33 doGet(request,response); 34 } 35 }
附上测试结果:
另外这里有一个小细节需要大家注意:
不能用FileReader代替FileInputStream。用FileReader会丢失数据,原因是这样的:FileReader是字符流,而图片,媒体文件等的数据都是以01的方式存储,用FileReader读的时候需要查阅一个编码表,如果未指定一种编码,则使用相应平台的默认编码。如在中国的电脑就会去查GB2312。当读到GB2312码表中不存在的编码时,会将该数据编码成'?',结束后数据就变成中文和'?'的混合。发到客户端后显示时再次查阅码表,将所有的'?'替换成'?'的编码,就会丢失数据。向这种细节只需要记住一点:字节流可以处理任意类型的数据,字符流只能处理字符数据。