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  • c#串口开发WPF入门教程系列二

    WPF控件和布局

    一、  前言 

           公司项目基于WPF开发,最近项目上线有点空闲时间写一篇基于wpf的基础教材,WPF也是近期才接触,学习WPF也是在网上查资料与微软的MSDN进行学习,写本博客的目为了温故而知新把学习过程记录下来,以备后查。

    二、WPF控件和布局

          回顾下WPF最常用的布局有几种方式? 上次给大家介绍了5种布局方式。废话不多说,直接到主题。之前出过一篇串口通讯的博文,今天就借助WPF控件与布局给大家分享一个串口调试助手,直接上图看下效果。

     

    XAML CODE:

      1 <Window x:Class="WpfSerialPort.MainWindow"
      2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
      3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
      4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
      5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
      6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfSerialPort"
      7         mc:Ignorable="d"
      8         Title="串口调试助手" Height="600" Width="900" WindowStyle="SingleBorderWindow"  Loaded="Window_Loaded">
      9     <Window.Resources>
     10         <Style x:Key="TextBlockStyle1" TargetType="{x:Type TextBlock}">
     11             <Setter Property="TextWrapping" Value="NoWrap"/>
     12             <Setter Property="TextTrimming" Value="None"/>
     13         </Style>
     14     </Window.Resources>
     15     <Grid Width="Auto" Height="Auto">
     16         <Grid.Background>
     17             <ImageBrush  ImageSource="/WpfSerialPort;component/images/背景.png"></ImageBrush>
     18         </Grid.Background>
     19         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
     20             <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
     21             <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
     22         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
     23         <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
     24             <ColumnDefinition Width="270"/>
     25             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
     26         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
     27 
     28         <StackPanel>
     29             <GroupBox Margin="30,0,30,0" Height="180">
     30                 <GroupBox.Header>
     31                     <Label Content="端口设置"/>
     32                 </GroupBox.Header>
     33                 <StackPanel>
     34                     <WrapPanel>
     35                         <ComboBox x:Name="cbSerial" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5" Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxStyle}" Width="120" ></ComboBox>
     36                         <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="串口"/>
     37                     </WrapPanel>
     38 
     39                     <WrapPanel>
     40                         <ComboBox x:Name="cbBaudRate" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5" Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxStyle}" Width="120" ></ComboBox>
     41                         <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="波特率"/>
     42                     </WrapPanel>
     43 
     44                     <WrapPanel>
     45                         <ComboBox x:Name="cbDataBits" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5" Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxStyle}" Width="120" ></ComboBox>
     46                         <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="数据位"/>
     47                     </WrapPanel>
     48 
     49                     <WrapPanel>
     50                         <ComboBox x:Name="cbStop" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5" Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxStyle}" Width="120" ></ComboBox>
     51                         <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="停止位"/>
     52                     </WrapPanel>
     53 
     54                     <WrapPanel>
     55                         <ComboBox x:Name="cbParity" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5" Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxStyle}" Width="120" ></ComboBox>
     56                         <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="校验位"/>
     57                     </WrapPanel>
     58 
     59                 </StackPanel>
     60             </GroupBox>
     61             <WrapPanel Height="40" Width="270">
     62                 <Grid Height="40" Width="270">
     63                     <Grid.RowDefinitions>
     64                         <RowDefinition Height="10"/>
     65                         <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
     66                     </Grid.RowDefinitions>
     67                     <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
     68                         <ColumnDefinition Width="100"/>
     69                         <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
     70                     </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
     71 
     72                     <Ellipse x:Name="stateColor" Height="30" Width="30" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0"  Fill="Red"  Margin="60,0,1,0"/>
     73                     <Button  x:Name="btnOpen"  Height="30" Width="80" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Click="btnOpen_Click"  Content="打开串口"/>
     74                 </Grid>
     75 
     76 
     77             </WrapPanel>
     78 
     79             <GroupBox Margin="30,0,30,0" Height="280">
     80                 <GroupBox.Header>
     81                     <Label Content="功能介绍:"/>
     82                 </GroupBox.Header>
     83                 <Canvas>
     84                     <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="15" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">1. 数据的接受</TextBlock>
     85                     <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="45" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">2. 数据的发送</TextBlock>
     86                     <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="75" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">3. Hex发送</TextBlock>
     87                     <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="105" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">4. Hex显示</TextBlock>
     88                     <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="135" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">5. ASCII编码</TextBlock>
     89                     <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="165" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">6. UTF-8编码</TextBlock>
     90                     <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="195" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">7. Unicode编码</TextBlock>
     91                 </Canvas>
     92             </GroupBox>
     93             <WrapPanel Height="56" Margin="30,0">
     94                 <Grid Width="207.334" Height="56" RenderTransformOrigin="0.521,0.273">
     95                     <Grid.RowDefinitions>
     96                         <RowDefinition Height="10"/>
     97                         <RowDefinition Height="46"/>
     98                     </Grid.RowDefinitions>
     99                     <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
    100                         <ColumnDefinition Width="100"/>
    101                         <ColumnDefinition Width="10"/>
    102                         <ColumnDefinition Width="100"/>
    103                     </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
    104                     <Button Content="清空接受区" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Grid.Row="1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100" Height="46" Click="btnClearRev_Click"/>
    105                     <Button Content="清空发送区" Grid.Column="2" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Grid.Row="1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="97" Height="46" Click="btnClearSend_Click"/>
    106 
    107 
    108                 </Grid>
    109 
    110             </WrapPanel>
    111 
    112 
    113         </StackPanel>
    114         <GroupBox Grid.Column="1" Header="数据接受区" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="370" Margin="0,10,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="612">
    115             <StackPanel>
    116                 <WrapPanel Margin="5">
    117                     <CheckBox x:Name="chkAutoLine" Content="自动换行" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
    118                     <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnHex" Content="Hex" IsChecked="True"/>
    119                     <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnASCII"  Content="ASCII"/>
    120                     <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnUTF8" Content="UTF-8"/>
    121                     <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnUnicode" Content="Unicode"/>
    122 
    123                 </WrapPanel>
    124                 <WrapPanel Background="White" >
    125                     <Border  CornerRadius="10" BorderBrush="#BEC4D5" Background="Red" BorderThickness="1">
    126 
    127                     </Border>
    128                 </WrapPanel>
    129                 <TextBox x:Name="txtShowData" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="602"  Height="318"/>
    130             </StackPanel>
    131 
    132         </GroupBox>
    133         <GroupBox Header="数据发送区" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="120" Margin="0,380,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="612" Grid.Column="1">
    134             <TextBox x:Name="txtSendData" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="98"  Width="602" />
    135         </GroupBox>
    136         <WrapPanel Margin="10,505,10,29.901" Grid.Column="1">
    137             <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnSendHex" Content="Hex" IsChecked="True"/>
    138             <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnSendASCII"  Content="ASCII"/>
    139             <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnSendUTF8" Content="UTF-8"/>
    140             <RadioButton x:Name="rbtnSendUnicode" Content="Unicode" Height="22.24"/>
    141             <Label Width="50"/>
    142             <Label x:Name="lblSendCount" Width="200"/>
    143             <Button x:Name="btnSend" IsEnabled="False" Content="手动发送" Width="107" Click="btnSend_Click"/>
    144         </WrapPanel>
    145 
    146 
    147 
    148     </Grid>
    149 </Window>
    View Code

    1.Grid布局

      Grid允许我们通过自定义行列来进行布局,这类似于表格.通过定义Grid的RowDifinitions和ColumnDifinitions来实现对于表格行和列的定义,元素根据附加属性Grid.Row和Grid.Column确定自己的位置。

    Grid的列宽与行高可采用固定、自动、按比列三种方式定义

    第一种,固定长度——值为一个确定的数字

    第二种,自动长度——值为Auto,实际作用就是取实际控件所需的最小值

    第三种,比例长度——*表示占用剩余的全部宽度;两行都是*,将平分剩余宽度;一个2*,一个*,则前者占剩余全部宽度的2/3,后者占1/3;依此类推

     1 <Window x:Class="WpfLayout.MainWindow"
     2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
     3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
     5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
     6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfLayout"
     7         mc:Ignorable="d"
     8         Title="MainWindow" Height="600" Width="900">
     9     <Grid Width="Auto" Height="Auto">
    10         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
    11             <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
    12             <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
    13         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
    14         <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
    15             <ColumnDefinition Width="270"/>
    16             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
    17         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
    18 
    19         <Label  Background="Blue" Grid.Column="0" Content="串口配置与介绍区" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center" FontFamily="SourceHanSansCN-Regular"  Foreground="red"  FontSize="30" />
    20         <Label  Background="Orange" Grid.Column="1" Content="数据接受与发送区" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center" FontFamily="SourceHanSansCN-Regular"  Foreground="red"  FontSize="30" />
    21     </Grid>
    22 </Window>
    View Code

     

    2.StackPanel布局

    StackPanel将控件按照行或列来顺序排列,但不会换行。通过设置面板的Orientation属性设置了两种排列方式:横排(Horizontal默认的)和竖排(Vertical),默认为竖排(Vertical)。

    注意:Orientation="Horizontal"时,设置FlowDirection属性为RightToLeft,,则元素将从右向左排列。

    3.WrapPanel布局

    WrapPanel布局面板将各个控件按照一定方向罗列,当长度或高度不够时自动调整进行换行换列。

    Orientation="Horizontal"时各控件从左至右罗列,当面板长度不够时,子控件就会自动换行,继续按照从左至右的顺序排列。

    Orientation="Vertical"时各控件从上至下罗列,当面板高度不够时,子控件就会自动换列,继续按照从上至下的顺序排列。

     1 <Window x:Class="WpfLayout.MainWindow"
     2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
     3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
     5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
     6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfLayout"
     7         mc:Ignorable="d"
     8         Title="MainWindow" Height="600" Width="900">
     9     <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical">
    10         
    11         <WrapPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
    12             <ComboBox x:Name="cbSerial" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5"  Width="120" ></ComboBox>
    13             <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="串口"/>
    14         </WrapPanel>
    15 
    16         <WrapPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
    17             <ComboBox x:Name="cbBaudRate" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5" Width="120" ></ComboBox>
    18             <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="波特率"/>
    19         </WrapPanel>
    20 
    21         <WrapPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
    22             <ComboBox x:Name="cbDataBits" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5"  Width="120" ></ComboBox>
    23             <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="数据位"/>
    24         </WrapPanel>
    25 
    26         <WrapPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
    27             <ComboBox x:Name="cbStop" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5"  Width="120" ></ComboBox>
    28             <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="停止位"/>
    29         </WrapPanel>
    30 
    31         <WrapPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
    32             <ComboBox x:Name="cbParity" Grid.Row="0" Margin="5"  Width="120" ></ComboBox>
    33             <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="校验位"/>
    34         </WrapPanel>
    35 
    36     </StackPanel>
    37 </Window>
    View Code

     4.)Canvas布局

    Canvas是一个类似于坐标系的面板,所有的元素通过设置坐标来决定其在坐标系中的位置。具体表现为使用Left、Top、Right、 Bottom附加属性在Canvas中定位控件。

     1 <Window x:Class="WpfLayout.MainWindow"
     2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
     3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
     5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
     6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfLayout"
     7         mc:Ignorable="d"
     8         Title="MainWindow" Height="600" Width="900">
     9     <Canvas>
    10         <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="15" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">1. 数据的接受</TextBlock>
    11         <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="45" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">2. 数据的发送</TextBlock>
    12         <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="75" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">3. Hex发送</TextBlock>
    13         <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="105" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">4. Hex显示</TextBlock>
    14         <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="135" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">5. ASCII编码</TextBlock>
    15         <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="165" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">6. UTF-8编码</TextBlock>
    16         <TextBlock FontFamily="思源雅黑" Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="195" TextAlignment="Center" FontSize="12">7. Unicode编码</TextBlock>
    17     </Canvas>
    18 </Window>
    View Code

    5.)DockPanel布局

    DockPanel支持让元素简单地停靠在整个面板的某一条边上,然后拉伸元素以填满全部宽度或高度。它也支持让一个元素填充其他已停靠元素没有占用的剩余空间。

    DockPanel有一个Dock附加属性,因此子元素用4个值来控制她们的停靠:Left、Top、Right、Bottom。Dock没有Fill值。作为替代,最后的子元素将加入一个DockPanel并填满所有剩余的空间,除非DockPanel的LastChildFill属性为false,它将朝某个方向停靠。

     1 <Window x:Class="WpfLayout.MainWindow"
     2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
     3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
     5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
     6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfLayout"
     7         mc:Ignorable="d"
     8         Title="MainWindow" Height="600" Width="900">
     9     <DockPanel>
    10         <Button Content="" DockPanel.Dock="Left" Background="Blue"></Button>
    11         <Button Content="" DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" Background="BlueViolet"></Button>
    12         <Button Content="" DockPanel.Dock="Left" Background="YellowGreen"></Button>
    13         <Button Content="" DockPanel.Dock="Right" Background="Green"></Button>
    14     </DockPanel>
    15 </Window>
    View Code

    •  最后简单介绍下我们的无线串口器设备

     nRF24L01 无线串口 

    无线串口 A面

    无线串口 B面

    三、  小结

    WPF布局牵涉的内容很多,只有在平时不断积累才能渐趋完善!布局一直是自己的弱项,布局会比较差,但是重在理解控件的作用以及能举一反三。 通过实例加深对各个控件的理解,具体的运用还需多加强练习和查阅msdn。,有不足之处还望大家多多指正。

    Demo下载:WpfSerialPort.rar

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zengzhanping/p/10150247.html
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