python 接口自动化测试（四）cookie&session

　　掌握了前面几节的的内容，就可以做一些简单的http协议接口的请求发送了，但是这些还不够。HTTP协议是一个无状态的应用层协议，也就是说前后两次请求是没有任何关系的，那如果我们测试的接口之前有相互依赖关系怎么办呢（比如我要在博客园发文章，是需要先登录的），这时我们就要用到cookie和session技术来保持客户端与服务器端连接的状态，这也就是本节要介绍的内容：

一、Cookie:

1、获取cookie:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#获取cookie
import requests
import json

url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
r = requests.get(url)

#将RequestsCookieJar转换成字典
c = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(r.cookies)

print r.cookies
print c

for a in r.cookies:
    print a.name,a.value

输出：

<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>
{'BDORZ': '27315'}
BDORZ 27315

二、发送cookie:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#发送cookie到服务器
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "cookies"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
#方法一：简单发送
# cookies = {"aaa":"bbb"}
# r = requests.get(url,cookies=cookies)
# print r.text

#方法二：复杂发送
s = requests.session()
c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
c.set('c-name','c-value',path='/xxx/uuu',domain='.test.com')
s.cookies.update(c)

二、Session

1、保持会话同步：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "cookies"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
url1 = "http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789"

r = requests.get(url)
print r.text

print "------"


s = requests.session()    #初始化一个session对象
s.get(url1)               #cookie的信息存在了session中
r = s.get(url)

print r.text

输出：

{
  "cookies": {}
}

------
{
  "cookies": {
    "sessioncookie": "123456789"
  }
}

2、保存会话信息：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "headers"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}
header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}

s = requests.session()    #初始化一个session对象
s.headers.update(header1)   #已经存在于服务中的信息
r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #发送新的信息

print r.text

输出：

{
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Testa": "AAA", 
    "Testb": "BBB", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  }
}

3、删除已存在的会话信息，保存为None

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "headers"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}
header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}

s = requests.session()    #初始化一个session对象
s.headers.update(header1)   #已经存在于服务中的信息
r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #发送新的信息

print r.text

print '--------'

s.headers['testA'] = None   #删除会话里的信息testA
r1 = s.get(url,headers = header2)
print r1.text

{
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Testa": "AAA", 
    "Testb": "BBB", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  }
}

--------
{
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*", 
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
    "Connection": "close", 
    "Host": "httpbin.org", 
    "Testb": "BBB", 
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
  }
}

4、提供默认数据：

s = requests.Session()
s.auth = ('user', 'pass')
s.headers.update({'x-test': 'true'})

# both 'x-test' and 'x-test2' are sent
s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers', headers={'x-test2': 'true'})

参考：

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/quickstart/#cookies

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/#session-objects