1
- 内容概述：
1.如何安装及配置KDC服务
2.如何通过CDH启用Kerberos
3.如何登录Kerberos并访问Hadoop相关服务
4.总结
- 测试环境：
1.操作系统：Redhat7.4
2.CDH5.16.1
3.采用root用户进行操作
2
KDC服务安装及配置
本文档中将KDC服务安装在Cloudera Manager Server所在服务器上（KDC服务可根据自己需要安装在其他服务器）
1.在Cloudera Manager服务器上安装KDC服务
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ yum -y install krb5-server krb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation
2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ vim /etc/krb5.conf
# Configuration snippets may be placed in this directory as well
includedir /etc/krb5.conf.d/
[logging]
default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log
[libdefaults]
dns_lookup_realm = false
ticket_lifetime = 24h
renew_lifetime = 7d
forwardable = true
rdns = false
default_realm = FAYSON.COM
#default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid}
[realms]
FAYSON.COM = {
kdc = ip-172-31-13-38.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
admin_server = ip-172-31-13-38.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal
}
[domain_realm]
.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM
ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM
标红部分为需要修改的信息。
3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
*/admin@FAYSON.COM *
4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf
[kdcdefaults]
kdc_ports = 88
kdc_tcp_ports = 88
[realms]
FAYSON.COM = {
#master_key_type = aes256-cts
max_renewable_life= 7d 0h 0m 0s
acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words
admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab
supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hma
c:normal camellia256-cts:normal camellia128-cts:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:norm
al des-cbc-crc:normal
}
标红部分为需要修改的配置。
5.创建Kerberos数据库
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kdb5_util create –r FAYSON.COM -s
Loading random data
Initializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM',
master key name 'K/M@FAYSON.COM'
You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.
Enter KDC database master key:
Re-enter KDC database master key to verify:
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$
此处需要输入Kerberos数据库的密码。
6.创建Kerberos的管理账号
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local: addprinc admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Re-enter password for principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Principal "admin/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local: exit
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$
标红部分为Kerberos管理员账号，需要输入管理员密码。
7.将Kerberos服务添加到自启动服务，并启动krb5kdc和kadmin服务
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl enable krb5kdc
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl enable kadmin
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl start krb5kdc
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl start kadmin
8.测试Kerberos的管理员账号
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]# kinit admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
Password for admin/admin@FAYSON.COM:
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: admin/admin@FAYSON.COM
Valid starting Expires Service principal
12/09/2018 02:52:21 12/10/2018 02:52:21 krbtgt/FAYSON.COM@FAYSON.COM
renew until 12/16/2018 02:52:21
9.为集群安装所有Kerberos客户端，包括Cloudera Manager
使用批处理脚本为集群所有节点安装Kerberos客户端
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list 'yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation'
10.在Cloudera Manager Server服务器上安装额外的包
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ yum -y install openldap-clients
11.将KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷贝到所有Kerberos客户端
使用批处理脚本将Kerberos服务端的krb5.conf配置文件拷贝至集群所有节点的/etc目录下：
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh bk_cp.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf /etc/
3
CDH集群启用Kerberos
1.在KDC中给Cloudera Manager添加管理员账号
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local: addprinc cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM":
Principal "cloudera-scm/admin@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local: exit
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$
2.进入Cloudera Manager的“管理”à“安全”界面
3.选择“启用Kerberos”，进入如下界面
4.确保如下列出的所有检查项都已完成
5.点击“继续”，配置相关的KDC信息，包括类型、KDC服务器、KDC Realm、加密类型以及待创建的Service Principal（hdfs，yarn,，hbase，hive等）的更新生命期等
6.不建议让Cloudera Manager来管理krb5.conf, 点击“继续”
7.输入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理员账号，一定得和之前创建的账号一致，点击“继续”
8.点击“继续”启用Kerberos
9.Kerberos启用完成，点击“继续”
10.勾选重启集群，点击“继续”
11.集群重启完成，点击“继续”
12.点击“继续”
点击“完成”，至此已成功启用Kerberos。
4
Kerberos使用
使用fayson用户运行MapReduce任务及操作Hive，需要在集群所有节点创建fayson用户。
1.使用kadmin创建一个fayson的principal
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal root/admin@FAYSON.COM with password.
kadmin.local: addprinc fayson@FAYSON.COM
WARNING: no policy specified for fayson@FAYSON.COM; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM":
Re-enter password for principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM":
Principal "fayson@FAYSON.COM" created.
kadmin.local:
2.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kdestroy
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kinit fayson
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ klist
3.在集群所有节点添加fayson用户
使用批量脚本在所有节点添加fayson用户
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "useradd fayson"
[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "id fayson"
4.运行MapReduce作业
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce/hadoop-examples.jar pi 10 1
5.使用beeline连接hive进行测试
[root@ip-172-31-13-38 shell]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.16.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-13-38.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@FAYSON.COM
scan complete in 1ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/ip-172-31-13-38.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal@FAYSON.COM
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.16.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.16.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;
INFO : Compiling command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147): show tables
INFO : Semantic Analysis Completed
INFO : Returning Hive schema: Schema(fieldSchemas:[FieldSchema(name:tab_name, type:string, comment:from deserializer)], properties:null)
INFO : Completed compiling command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147); Time taken: 0.518 seconds
INFO : Executing command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147): show tables
INFO : Starting task [Stage-0:DDL] in serial mode
INFO : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147); Time taken: 0.053 seconds
INFO : OK
+---------------------+--+
| tab_name |
+---------------------+--+
| kudu_decimal_table |
+---------------------+--+
1 row selected (1.933 seconds)
创建一个test表
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create table test(id int, name string);
向test表中插入数据
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> insert into test values(1, 'fayson');
执行一个Count语句
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test;
5
常见问题
1.使用Kerberos用户身份运行MapReduce作业报错
main : run as user is fayson
main : requested yarn user is fayson
Requested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,which is below the minimum allowed 1000
Failing this attempt. Failing the application.
17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0
Job Finished in 6.184 seconds
java.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist: hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1820)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1844)
at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314)
at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70)
at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144)
at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java: