9.2 数组的散列

9.2 数组的散列

9.2.1 数组的散列的组成

Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a1.pl 
%HoA = (
flintstones => [ "fred", "barney" ],
jetsons => [ "george", "jane", "elroy" ],
simpsons => [ "homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);

print %HoA;
print "
";
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a1.pl 
simpsonsARRAY(0x1e7c580)jetsonsARRAY(0x1e7c358)flintstonesARRAY(0x1e60d48
要向散列增加另外一个数组，你可以简单地说：

Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a1.pl 
%HoA = (
flintstones => [ "fred", "barney" ],
jetsons => [ "george", "jane", "elroy" ],
simpsons => [ "homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);

print %HoA;
print "
";
$HoA{teletubbies} = [ "tinky winky", "dipsy", "laa-laa", "po" ];
print %HoA;
print "
";
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a1.pl 
simpsonsARRAY(0x22fc628)jetsonsARRAY(0x22fc358)flintstonesARRAY(0x22e0d48)
simpsonsARRAY(0x22fc628)teletubbiesARRAY(0x22fc340)jetsonsARRAY(0x22fc358)flintstonesARRAY(0x22e0d48)


9.2.2 生成数组的散列


下面是填充一个数组的散列的技巧,从下面格式的文件中读取出来:

Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat aa
flintsotnes: fred barney wilma dino
jetsons: george jane elroy
simpsons: homer marge bart
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a2.pl 
open (A,aa);
while (<A>){
my @arr=();
my @arr= (split(/:/,$_))[1];
my $str= (split(/:/,$_))[0];
 $HoA{$str}=[@arr];
};

print %HoA;
print "
";

Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a2.pl 
simpsonsARRAY(0x1c05628)jetsonsARRAY(0x1be9b98)flintsotnesARRAY(0x1be9d48)

Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a2.pl 
open (A,aa);
while (<A>){
my @arr=();
my @arr= (split(/:/,$_))[1];
my $str= (split(/:/,$_))[0];
 $HoA{$str}=[@arr];
};

print %HoA;
print "
";
print @{$HoA{flintsotnes}};
print "
";
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a2.pl 
simpsonsARRAY(0x2610670)jetsonsARRAY(0x25f4b98)flintsotnesARRAY(0x25f4d48)
 fred barney wilma dino



Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a2.pl 
open (A,aa);
while (<A>){
my @arr=();
my @arr= (split(/:/,$_))[1];
my $str= (split(/:/,$_))[0];
 $HoA{$str}=[@arr];
};

print %HoA;
print "
";
print @{$HoA{flintsotnes}};
print "
";



Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a2.pl 
open (A,aa);
while (<A>){
my @arr=();
my @arr= (split(/:/,$_))[1];
my $str= (split(/:/,$_))[0];
 $HoA{$str}=[@arr];
};

print %HoA;
print "
";
print @{$HoA{flintsotnes}};
print "
";


for $group ( "simpsons", "jetsons", "flintstones" ) {
@members = get_family($group);
$HoA{$group} = [ @members ];
};
print %HoA;
print "
";
print @{$HoA{flintstones}};
print "
";

sub get_family(){
     my $a=shift;
     return @arr=("$a".11,"$a".22,"$a".33);
 };
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a2.pl 
simpsonsARRAY(0xa3b3c0)jetsonsARRAY(0xa13b98)flintsotnesARRAY(0xa13d48)
 fred barney wilma dino

simpsonsARRAY(0xa3b5d0)flintstonesARRAY(0xa3b6c0)jetsonsARRAY(0xa3b690)flintsotnesARRAY(0xa13d48)
flintstones11flintstones22flintstones33


9.2.3 访问和打印数组的散列  


你可以用下面的方法设置某一个数组的第一个元素:

Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a1.pl 
11111111111111111
fred
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a1.pl 
%HoA = (
flintstones => [ "fred", "barney" ],
jetsons => [ "george", "jane", "elroy" ],
simpsons => [ "homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);

$HoA{teletubbies} = [ "tinky winky", "dipsy", "laa-laa", "po" ];

print "11111111111111111
";
print $HoA{flintstones}[0]; 
print "
";
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a1.pl 
11111111111111111
fred


Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a1.pl 
%HoA = (
flintstones => [ "fred", "barney" ],
jetsons => [ "george", "jane", "elroy" ],
simpsons => [ "homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);

$HoA{teletubbies} = [ "tinky winky", "dipsy", "laa-laa", "po" ];

print "11111111111111111
";
print @{$HoA{flintstones}};
print "
";
$HoA{flintstones}[0] = "Fred";
print @{$HoA{flintstones}};
print "
";
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a1.pl 
11111111111111111
fredbarney
Fredbarney



打印所有这些数组,方法是遍历散列的所有键值:

%HoA = (
flintstones => [ "fred", "barney" ],
jetsons => [ "george", "jane", "elroy" ],
simpsons => [ "homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);

$HoA{teletubbies} = [ "tinky winky", "dipsy", "laa-laa", "po" ];

print %HoA;
print "
";

for $family ( keys %HoA ){
    print "$family: @{ $HoA{$family} }
";
}
~  


Vsftp:/root/perl/6# cat a1.pl 
%HoA = (
flintstones => [ "fred", "barney" ],
jetsons => [ "george", "jane", "elroy" ],
simpsons => [ "homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);

$HoA{teletubbies} = [ "tinky winky", "dipsy", "laa-laa", "po" ];

print %HoA;
print "
";
for $family ( keys %HoA ) {
print "$family: ";
for $i ( 0 .. $#{ $HoA{$family} }) {
print " $i = $HoA{$family}[$i]";
}
print "
";
}
print %HoA;
print "
";
Vsftp:/root/perl/6# perl a1.pl 
simpsonsARRAY(0xde4a68)teletubbiesARRAY(0xdd9340)jetsonsARRAY(0xdd9358)flintstonesARRAY(0xdbdd48)
simpsons:  0 = homer 1 = marge 2 = bart
teletubbies:  0 = tinky winky 1 = dipsy 2 = laa-laa 3 = po
jetsons:  0 = george 1 = jane 2 = elroy
flintstones:  0 = fred 1 = barney
simpsonsARRAY(0xde4a68)teletubbiesARRAY(0xdd9340)jetsonsARRAY(0xdd9358)flintstonesARRAY(0xdbdd48)