logstash 使用grok正则解析日志

http://xiaorui.cc/2015/01/27/logstash%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8grok%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E9%81%87%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/
http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/
demo:http://www.tuicool.com/articles/M7ryEv
Logstash 最佳实践：http://udn.yyuap.com/doc/logstash-best-practice-cn/filter/grok.html
logstash filter 语法：
Example

下面是日志的样子
55.3.244.1 GET /index.html 15824 0.043

正则的例子
%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:duration}

配置文件里是怎么写得？ 

input {
  file {
    path => “/var/log/http.log”
  }
}
filter {
  grok {
    match => [ "message", "%{IP:client} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:duration}" ]
  }
}

解析后，是个什么样子？ 

client: 55.3.244.1
method: GET
request: /index.html
bytes: 15824
duration: 0.043


自定义正则


(?<field_name>the pattern here)

(?<queue_id>[0-9A-F]{10,11})

当然你也可以把众多的正则，放在一个集中文件里面。 
# in ./patterns/postfix 
POSTFIX_QUEUEID [0-9A-F]{10,11}

filter {
  grok {
    patterns_dir => “./patterns”
    match => [ "message", "%{SYSLOGBASE} %{POSTFIX_QUEUEID:queue_id}: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" ]
  }
}

############


logstash已经自带了不少的正则，如果想偷懒的话，可以在内置正则里借用下。 

USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+
USER %{USERNAME}
INT (?:[+-]?(?:[0-9]+))
BASE10NUM (?<![0-9.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[0-9]+(?:.[0-9]+)?)|(?:.[0-9]+)))
NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM})
BASE16NUM (?<![0-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+))
BASE16FLOAT (?<![0-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+(?:.[0-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:.[0-9A-Fa-f]+)))

POSINT (?:[1-9][0-9]*)
NONNEGINT (?:[0-9]+)
WORD w+
NOTSPACE S+
SPACE s*
DATA .*?
GREEDYDATA .*
QUOTEDSTRING (?>(?<!\)(?>”(?>\.|[^\"]+)+”|”"|(?>’(?>\.|[^\']+)+’)|”|(?>(?>\.|[^]+)+)|`))
UUID [A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-){3}[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}

# Networking
MAC (?:%{CISCOMAC}|%{WINDOWSMAC}|%{COMMONMAC})
CISCOMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}.){2}[A-Fa-f0-9]{4})
WINDOWSMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}-){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
COMMONMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|1dd|[1-9]?d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?
IPV4 (?<![0-9])(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}))(?![0-9])
IP (?:%{IPV6}|%{IPV4})
HOSTNAME (?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62})(?:.(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62}))*(.?|)
HOST %{HOSTNAME}
IPORHOST (?:%{HOSTNAME}|%{IP})
HOSTPORT (?:%{IPORHOST=~/./}:%{POSINT})

# paths
PATH (?:%{UNIXPATH}|%{WINPATH})
UNIXPATH (?>/(?>[w_%!$@:.,-]+|\.)*)+
TTY (?:/dev/(pts|tty([pq])?)(w+)?/?(?:[0-9]+))
WINPATH (?>[A-Za-z]+:|\)(?:
^\?*]*)+ 
URIPROTO [A-Za-z]+(+[A-Za-z+]+)? 
URIHOST %{IPORHOST}(?::%{POSINT:port})? 
# uripath comes loosely from RFC1738, but mostly from what Firefox 
# doesn’t turn into %XX 
URIPATH (?:/[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'(){},~:;=@#%_-]*)+ 
#URIPARAM ?(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?(?:&(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?)?)*)? 
URIPARAM ?[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*’|(){},~@#%&/=:;_?-[
]*
URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:%{URIPARAM})?
URI %{URIPROTO}://(?:%{USER}(?::[^@]*)?@)?(?:%{URIHOST})?(?:%{URIPATHPARAM})?

# Months: January, Feb, 3, 03, 12, December
MONTH (?:Jan(?:uary)?|Feb(?:ruary)?|Mar(?:ch)?|Apr(?:il)?|May|Jun(?:e)?|Jul(?:y)?|Aug(?:ust)?|Sep(?:tember)?|Oct(?:ober)?|Nov(?:ember)?|Dec(?:ember)?)
MONTHNUM (?:0?[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHDAY (?:(?:0[1-9])|(?:[12][0-9])|(?:3[01])|[1-9])

# Days: Monday, Tue, Thu, etc…
DAY (?:Mon(?:day)?|Tue(?:sday)?|Wed(?:nesday)?|Thu(?:rsday)?|Fri(?:day)?|Sat(?:urday)?|Sun(?:day)?)

# Years?
YEAR (?>dd){1,2}
HOUR (?:2[0123]|[01]?[0-9])
MINUTE (?:[0-5][0-9])
# ’60′ is a leap second in most time standards and thus is valid.
SECOND (?:(?:[0-5][0-9]|60)(?:[:.,][0-9]+)?)
TIME (?!<[0-9])%{HOUR}:%{MINUTE}(?::%{SECOND})(?![0-9])
# datestamp is YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.UUUU (or something like it)
DATE_US %{MONTHNUM}[/-]%{MONTHDAY}[/-]%{YEAR}
DATE_EU %{MONTHDAY}[./-]%{MONTHNUM}[./-]%{YEAR}
ISO8601_TIMEZONE (?:Z|[+-]%{HOUR}(?::?%{MINUTE}))
ISO8601_SECOND (?:%{SECOND}|60)
TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 %{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY}[T ]%{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND})?%{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}?
DATE %{DATE_US}|%{DATE_EU}
DATESTAMP %{DATE}[- ]%{TIME}
TZ (?:[PMCE][SD]T|UTC)
DATESTAMP_RFC822 %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{TZ}
DATESTAMP_OTHER %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{TZ} %{YEAR}

# Syslog Dates: Month Day HH:MM:SS
SYSLOGTIMESTAMP %{MONTH} +%{MONTHDAY} %{TIME}
PROG (?:[w._/%-]+)
SYSLOGPROG %{PROG:program}(?:
)?
SYSLOGHOST %{IPORHOST}
SYSLOGFACILITY <%{NONNEGINT:facility}.%{NONNEGINT:priority}>
HTTPDATE %{MONTHDAY}/%{MONTH}/%{YEAR}:%{TIME} %{INT}

# Shortcuts
QS %{QUOTEDSTRING}

# Log formats
SYSLOGBASE %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} (?:%{SYSLOGFACILITY} )?%{SYSLOGHOST:logsource} %{SYSLOGPROG}:
COMMONAPACHELOG %{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth}
“(?:%{WORD:verb} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})” %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-)
COMBINEDAPACHELOG %{COMMONAPACHELOG} %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}

# Log Levels
LOGLEVEL ([A-a]lert|ALERT|[T|t]race|TRACE|[D|d]ebug|DEBUG|[N|n]otice|NOTICE|[I|i]nfo|INFO|[W|w]arn?(?:ing)?|WARN?(?:ING)?|[E|e]rr?(?:or)?|ERR?(?:OR)?|[C|c]rit?(?:ical)?|CRIT?(?:ICAL)?|[F|f]atal|FATAL|[S|s]evere|SEVERE|EMERG(?:ENCY)?|[Ee]merg(?:ency)?)

Logstash 最佳实践
http://udn.yyuap.com/doc/logstash-best-practice-cn/index.html
https://www.gitbook.com/book/chenryn/kibana-guide-cn
配置示例

input{
    file {
        path => ["/var/log/*.log", "/var/log/message"]
        type => "system"
        start_position => "beginning"
    }
}
解释
有一些比较有用的配置项，可以用来指定 FileWatch 库的行为：
discover_interval
logstash 每隔多久去检查一次被监听的 path 下是否有新文件。默认值是 15 秒。
exclude
不想被监听的文件可以排除出去，这里跟 path 一样支持 glob 展开。
sincedb_path
如果你不想用默认的 $HOME/.sincedb(Windows 平台上在C:WindowsSystem32configsystemprofile.sincedb)，可以通过这个配置定义 sincedb 文件到其他位置。
sincedb_write_interval
logstash 每隔多久写一次 sincedb 文件，默认是 15 秒。
stat_interval
logstash 每隔多久检查一次被监听文件状态（是否有更新），默认是 1 秒。
start_position
logstash 从什么位置开始读取文件数据，默认是结束位置，也就是说 logstash 进程会以类似 tail -F 的形式运行。如果你是要导入原有数据，把这个设定改成 "beginning"，logstash 进程就从头开始读取，有点类似cat，但是读到最后一行不会终止，而是继续变成 tail -F。