错误日志如下：
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2018-03-07 18:57:35,121 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT]
2018-03-07 18:57:35,296 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Util: Path /usr/java/data/dfs/data should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
2018-03-07 18:57:36,059 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsConfig: loaded properties from hadoop-metrics2.properties
2018-03-07 18:57:36,153 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: Scheduled snapshot period at 10 second(s).
2018-03-07 18:57:36,153 INFO org.apache.hadoop.metrics2.impl.MetricsSystemImpl: DataNode metrics system started
2018-03-07 18:57:36,155 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Configured hostname is Centpy
2018-03-07 18:57:36,208 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Opened streaming server at /0.0.0.0:50010
2018-03-07 18:57:36,213 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Balancing bandwith is 1048576 bytes/s
2018-03-07 18:57:36,264 INFO org.mortbay.log: Logging to org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerAdapter(org.mortbay.log) via org.mortbay.log.Slf4jLog
2018-03-07 18:57:36,296 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer: Added global filter 'safety' (class=org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer$QuotingInputFilter)
2018-03-07 18:57:36,298 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer: Added filter static_user_filter (class=org.apache.hadoop.http.lib.StaticUserWebFilter$StaticUserFilter) to context datanode
2018-03-07 18:57:36,298 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer: Added filter static_user_filter (class=org.apache.hadoop.http.lib.StaticUserWebFilter$StaticUserFilter) to context static
2018-03-07 18:57:36,298 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer: Added filter static_user_filter (class=org.apache.hadoop.http.lib.StaticUserWebFilter$StaticUserFilter) to context logs
2018-03-07 18:57:36,300 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Opened info server at 0.0.0.0:50075
2018-03-07 18:57:36,302 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: dfs.webhdfs.enabled = false
2018-03-07 18:57:36,302 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer: Jetty bound to port 50075
2018-03-07 18:57:36,302 INFO org.mortbay.log: jetty-6.1.26
2018-03-07 18:57:36,592 INFO org.mortbay.log: Started SelectChannelConnector@0.0.0.0:50075
2018-03-07 18:57:36,942 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: Starting Socket Reader #1 for port 50020
2018-03-07 18:57:36,962 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Opened IPC server at /0.0.0.0:50020
2018-03-07 18:57:36,971 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Refresh request received for nameservices: null
2018-03-07 18:57:36,985 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Starting BPOfferServices for nameservices: <default>
2018-03-07 18:57:36,988 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Util: Path /usr/java/data/dfs/data should be specified as a URI in configuration files. Please update hdfs configuration.
2018-03-07 18:57:36,996 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Block pool <registering> (storage id unknown) service to Centpy/192.168.86.127:9000 starting to offer service
2018-03-07 18:57:37,000 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server Responder: starting
2018-03-07 18:57:37,003 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server listener on 50020: starting
2018-03-07 18:57:37,305 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Storage: Lock on /usr/java/data/dfs/data/in_use.lock acquired by nodename 7541@Centpy
2018-03-07 18:57:37,306 FATAL org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Initialization failed for block pool Block pool BP-7509759-192.168.86.127-1520419708605 (storage id ) service to Centpy/192.168.86.127:9000
org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.InconsistentFSStateException: Directory /usr/java/data/dfs/data is in an inconsistent state: node type is incompatible with others.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Storage.setStorageType(Storage.java:1051)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.setFieldsFromProperties(DataStorage.java:304)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Storage.readProperties(Storage.java:921)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.doTransition(DataStorage.java:372)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:191)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:219)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initStorage(DataNode.java:837)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initBlockPool(DataNode.java:808)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPOfferService.verifyAndSetNamespaceInfo(BPOfferService.java:280)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.connectToNNAndHandshake(BPServiceActor.java:222)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.run(BPServiceActor.java:664)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
2018-03-07 18:57:37,307 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Ending block pool service for: Block pool BP-7509759-192.168.86.127-1520419708605 (storage id ) service to Centpy/192.168.86.127:9000
2018-03-07 18:57:37,313 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Removed Block pool BP-7509759-192.168.86.127-1520419708605 (storage id )
2018-03-07 18:57:39,313 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Exiting Datanode
2018-03-07 18:57:39,315 INFO org.apache.hadoop.util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
2018-03-07 18:57:39,322 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down DataNode at Centpy/192.168.86.127
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日志说明了datanode的clusterID 和 namenode的clusterID 不匹配。
解决方法：根据日志进入路径（/usr/java/data/dfs/data）。此时，我们应该能看见其下有/data和/name两个目录。将name/current下的VERSION中的clusterID复制到data/current下的VERSION中，覆盖掉原来的clusterID，让两个保持一致；或者，直接删除掉data和name两个目录下的内容，然后重启。
注意：在重启之前，一定要结束掉hadoop所有进程（sbin/stop-all.sh），否则会出现其他错误。
现在，我们重启之后输入jps就可以看到以下进程了：
8862 NameNode
8982 DataNode
9131 SecondaryNameNode
9506 Jps
9374 NodeManager
9269 ResourceManager
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