DRF序列化
深度(联表)查询方式
子序列化
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只能在序列化中使用
-
字段名必须是外键名(正向反向)
相对于自定义序列化外键字段,自定义序列化字段是不参与反序列化的,而子序列化必须为外键名,所以也无法出库
-
在外键关联数据是多条时,需要明确many=True
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是单向操作,因为作为子序列化的类必须写在上方,所以不能产生逆方向的子序列化
depth
自动深度,,值代表深度次数,但是被深度的外键采用__all__,显示所有字段(不建议使用)
@property
插拔式,名字不能与外键名相同
二次封装Response
"""
return MyResponse(status=1, msg='error', results=[], token='a.b.c', http_status=400, exception=True)
return Response(
data={
'status': 1,
'msg': 'error',
'results': [],
token: 'a.b.c'
},
status=400,
exception=True
)
return APIResponse(1, 'error', results=[], token='a.b.c', http_status=400, exception=True)
"""
from rest_framework.response import Response
class APIResponse(Response):
def __init__(self, status=0, msg='ok', results=None, http_status=None,
headers=None, exception=False, content_type=None, **kwargs):
# 将status、msg、results、kwargs格式化成data
data = {
'status': status,
'msg': msg,
}
# results只要不为空都是数据:False、0、'' 都是数据 => 条件不能写if results
if results is not None:
data['results'] = results
# 将kwargs中额外的k-v数据添加到data中
data.update(**kwargs)
super().__init__(data=data, status=http_status, headers=headers, exception=exception, content_type=content_type)
# 一定要在settings文件中将异常模块配置自己的异常处理函数
from rest_framework.views import exception_handler as drf_exception_handler
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
def exception_handler(exc, context):
response = drf_exception_handler(exc, context)
detail = '%s - %s - %s' % (context.get('view'), context.get('request').method, exc)
if not response: # 服务端错误
response = Response({'detail': detail}, status=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
else:
response.data = {'detail': detail}
# 核心:要将response.data.get('detail')信息记录到日志文件
# logger.waring(response.data.get('detail'))
import sys
sys.stderr.write('异常:%s
' % response.data.get('detail'))
return response
十大接口
单查群查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk:
book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk=pk).first()
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj)
else:
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query, many=True)
return APIResponse(results=book_ser.data)
# return Response(data=book_ser.data)
单删群删
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
单删:接口:/books/(pk)/ 数据:空
群删:接口:/books/ 数据:[pk1, ..., pkn]
逻辑:修改is_delete字段,修改成功代表删除成功,修改失败代表删除失败
"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk:
pks = [pk] # 将单删格式化成群删一条
else:
pks = request.data # 群删
try: # 数据如果有误,数据库执行会出错
rows = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).update(is_delete=True)
except:
return APIResponse(1, '数据有误')
if rows:
return APIResponse(0, '删除成功')
return APIResponse(1, '删除失败')
单增群增
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
单增:接口:/books/ 数据:{...}
群增:接口:/books/ 数据:[{...}, ..., {...}]
逻辑:将数据给系列化类处理,数据的类型关系到 many 属性是否为True, 单增为字典类型,群增为列表类型
"""
if isinstance(request.data, dict):
many = False
elif isinstance(request.data, list):
many = True
else:
return Response(data={'detail': '数据有误'}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(data=request.data, many=many)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) # 如果校验不通过,直接报异常
book_obj_or_list = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj_or_list, many=many).data)
整体单改群改
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
单改:接口:/books/(pk)/ 数据:{...}
群增:接口:/books/ 数据:[{pk, ...}, ..., {pk, ...}]
逻辑:将数据给系列化类处理,数据的类型关系到 many 属性是否为True
"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk: # 单改
try:
# 与增的区别在于,需要明确被修改的对象,交给序列化类
book_instance = models.Book.objects.get(is_delete=False, pk=pk)
except:
return Response({'detail': 'pk error'}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_instance, data=request.data)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_obj = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data)
else: # 群改
# 分析(重点):
# 1)数据是列表套字典,每个字典必须带pk,就是指定要修改的对象,如果有一条没带pk,整个数据有误
# 2)如果pk对应的对象已被删除,或是对应的对象不存在,可以认为整个数据有误(建议),可以认为将这些错误数据抛出即可
request_data = request.data
try:
pks = []
for dic in request_data:
pk = dic.pop('pk') # 解决分析1,没有pk pop方法就会抛异常
pks.append(pk)
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).all()
if len(pks) != len(book_query):
raise Exception('pk对应的数据不存在')
except Exception as e:
return Response({'detail': '%s' % e}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_query, data=request_data, many=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_list = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_list, many=True).data)
局部单改群改
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk: # 单改
try:
book_instance = models.Book.objects.get(is_delete=False, pk=pk)
except:
return Response({'detail': 'pk error'}, status=400)
# 设置partial=True的序列化类,参与反序列化的字段,都会置为选填字段
# 1)提供了值得字段发生修改。
# 2)没有提供的字段采用被修改对象原来的值
# 设置context的值,目的:在序列化完成自定义校验(局部与全局钩子)时,可能需要视图类中的变量,如请求对象request
# 可以通过context将其传入,在序列化校验方法中,self.context就能拿到传入的视图类中的变量
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_instance, data=request.data, partial=True, context={'request': request})
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_obj = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data)
else: # 群改
request_data = request.data
try:
pks = []
for dic in request_data:
pk = dic.pop('pk')
pks.append(pk)
book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False, pk__in=pks).all()
if len(pks) != len(book_query):
raise Exception('pk对应的数据不存在')
except Exception as e:
return Response({'detail': '%s' % e}, status=400)
book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(instance=book_query, data=request_data, many=True, partial=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_list = book_ser.save()
return APIResponse(results=serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_list, many=True).data)