zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • DRF之认证权限和限流

    一 认证Authentication

    可以在配置文件中配置全局默认的认证方案

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
            'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',  # session认证
            'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',   # 基本认证
        )
    }
    

    也可以在每个视图中通过设置authentication_classess属性来设置

    from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    
    class ExampleView(APIView):
        # 类属性
        authentication_classes = [SessionAuthentication, BasicAuthentication]
        ...
    

    认证失败会有两种可能的返回值:

    • 401 Unauthorized 未认证
    • 403 Permission Denied 权限被禁止

    二 权限Permissions

    权限控制可以限制用户对于视图的访问和对于具体数据对象的访问。

    • 在执行视图的dispatch()方法前,会先进行视图访问权限的判断
    • 在通过get_object()获取具体对象时,会进行模型对象访问权限的判断

    使用

    可以在配置文件中全局设置默认的权限管理类,如

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        ....
        
        'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
            'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
        )
    }
    

    如果未指明,则采用如下默认配置

    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
       'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny',
    )
    

    也可以在具体的视图中通过permission_classes属性来设置,如

    from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    
    class ExampleView(APIView):
        permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
        ...
    

    提供的权限

    • AllowAny 允许所有用户
    • IsAuthenticated 仅通过认证的用户
    • IsAdminUser 仅管理员用户
    • IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly 已经登陆认证的用户可以对数据进行增删改操作,没有登陆认证的只能查看数据。

    举例

    from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
    from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
    from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView
    
    class StudentAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer
        authentication_classes = [SessionAuthentication]
        permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    

    自定义权限

    如需自定义权限,需继承rest_framework.permissions.BasePermission父类,并实现以下两个任何一个方法或全部

    • .has_permission(self, request, view)

      是否可以访问视图, view表示当前视图对象

    • .has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj)

      是否可以访问数据对象, view表示当前视图, obj为数据对象

    例如:

    在当前子应用下,创建一个权限文件permissions.py中声明自定义权限类:

    from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
    
    class IsXiaoMingPermission(BasePermission):
        def has_permission(self, request, view):
            if( request.user.username == "xiaoming" ):
                return True
    
    from .permissions import IsXiaoMingPermission
    class StudentViewSet(ModelViewSet):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer
        permission_classes = [IsXiaoMingPermission]
    

    三 限流Throttling

    可以对接口访问的频次进行限制,以减轻服务器压力。

    一般用于付费购买次数,投票等场景使用.

    使用

    可以在配置文件中,使用DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSESDEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES进行全局配置,

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
            'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle',
            'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle'
        ),
        'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
            'anon': '100/day',
            'user': '1000/day'
        }
    }
    

    DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES 可以使用 second, minute, hourday来指明周期。

    也可以在具体视图中通过throttle_classess属性来配置,如

    from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    
    class ExampleView(APIView):
        throttle_classes = (UserRateThrottle,)
        ...
    

    可选限流类

    1) AnonRateThrottle

    限制所有匿名未认证用户,使用IP区分用户。

    使用DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES['anon'] 来设置频次

    2)UserRateThrottle

    限制认证用户,使用User id 来区分。

    使用DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES['user'] 来设置频次

    3)ScopedRateThrottle

    限制用户对于每个视图的访问频次,使用ip或user id。

    例如:

    class ContactListView(APIView):
        throttle_scope = 'contacts'
        ...
    
    class ContactDetailView(APIView):
        throttle_scope = 'contacts'
        ...
    
    class UploadView(APIView):
        throttle_scope = 'uploads'
        ...
    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': (
            'rest_framework.throttling.ScopedRateThrottle',
        ),
        'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
            'contacts': '1000/day',
            'uploads': '20/day'
        }
    }
    

    实例

    全局配置中设置访问频率

        'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
            'anon': '3/minute',
            'user': '10/minute'
        }
    
    from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
    from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
    from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView
    from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
    
    class StudentAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer
        authentication_classes = [SessionAuthentication]
        permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
        throttle_classes = (UserRateThrottle,)
    
  • 相关阅读:
    Intent
    What should we do next in general after collecting relevant data
    NOTE FOR Secure Friend Discovery in Mobile Social Networks
    missing pcap.h
    after building Android Source code
    plot point(one column)
    When talking to someone else, don't infer that is has been talked with others at first. It may bring repulsion to the person who is talking with you.
    进程基本知识
    Python input和raw_input的区别
    强制 code review:reviewboard+svn 的方案
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Henry121/p/13293058.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看