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  • SpringMVC

    MVC

    MVC介绍

    • MVC:模型(Model)、视图(View)、控制器(Controller)
    • Model: 数据获取对象(Dao)、服务(Service)
    • View: 前端
    • Controller:接受用户请求,交给Model处理,处理完毕交给View
    • 典型的MVC是JSP + servlet + Javabean

    MVC

    HelloSpringMVC

    1. 配置文件版
    • web.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
            version="4.0">
    
        <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <!--启动级别-1-->
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
    
        <!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)-->
        <!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)-->
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
    </web-app>
    
    • SpringMVC配置文件
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <!--处理映射器-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    
        <!--处理器适配器-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    
        <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <!--后缀-->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
    • Controller
    package com.kuang.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    //注意:这里我们先导入Controller接口
    public class HelloController implements Controller {
        public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
            //ModelAndView 模型和视图
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
    
            //封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model
            mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
            //封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中
            mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/hello.jsp
            return mv;
        }
    }
    
    • 注册bean
    <bean id="/hello" class="controller.HelloController/>
    
    • jsp
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
       <title>Kuangshen</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    ${msg}
    </body>
    </html>
    
    • 配置tomcat
    1. 注解版
    • Spring MVC配置文件
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    
        <!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>
        <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
        <!--
        支持mvc注解驱动
            在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
            要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
            必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
            和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
            这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
            而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
        -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
        <!-- 视图解析器 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
                id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- 前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
            <!-- 后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
    • Controller
    package controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
    
        //真实访问地址 : 项目名/hello
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String sayHello(Model model) {
            //向模型中添加属性msg与值,可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染
            model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");
            //web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp
            return "hello";
        }
    }
    
    • 视图层
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
       <title>SpringMVC</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    ${msg}
    </body>
    </html>
    

    原理

    springMVC

    • 使用SpringMVC需要配置:处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器
    • 需要手动配置视图解析器,处理器映射器、处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    

    Controller

    • 控制器提供应用程序的行为,通常通过接口定义或注解定义实现
    1. 实现Controller接口
    // 实现这个接口可以获得控制器功能
    public interface Controller {
        // 处理请求,返回一个模型和视图对象
        ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest var1, HttpServletResponse var2) throws Exception;
    }
    
    1. 使用注解
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>
    
    //@Controller注解的类会自动添加到Spring上下文中
    @Controller
    public class ControllerTest2 {
    
        //映射访问路径
        @RequestMapping("/t2")
        public String index(Model model){
            //Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值
            model.addAttribute("msg", "ControllerTest2");
            //返回视图位置
            return "test";
        }
    }
    

    RequestMapping

    • @RequestMapping用于映射url到控制器类

    RestFul风格:一个资源定位及资源操作的风格

    @Controller
    public class RestFulController {
    
       //映射访问路径
        @RequestMapping("/commit/{p1}/{p2}")
        public String index(@PathVariable int p1, @PathVariable int p2, Model model) {
            
            int result = p1+p2;
            //Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值
            model.addAttribute("msg", "结果:"+result);
            //返回视图位置
            return "test";
        }
    }
    
    //映射访问路径
    @RequestMapping("/commit/{p1}/{p2}")
    public String index(@PathVariable int p1, @PathVariable String p2, Model model) {
    
        String result = p1+p2;
        //Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值
        model.addAttribute("msg", "结果:"+result);
        //返回视图位置
        return "test";
    
    }
    
    
    //映射访问路径,必须是POST请求
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = {RequestMethod.POST})
    public String index2(Model model) {
       model.addAttribute("msg", "hello!");
       return "test";
    }
    
    //映射访问路径,必须是Get请求
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = {RequestMethod.GET})
    public String index2(Model model){
       model.addAttribute("msg", "hello!");
       return "test";
    }
    
    • Spring MVC 的 @RequestMapping 注解能够处理 HTTP 请求的方法, 比如 GET, PUT, POST, DELETE 以及 PATCH。

    结果跳转方式

    • ModelAndView

    设置ModelAndView对象,根据view名称,和视图解析器跳转到指定页面

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
         id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    

    Controller类

    public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller {
    
        public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
            //返回一个模型视图对象
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
            mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1");
            mv.setViewName("test");
            return mv;
        }
    }
    
    • ServletAPI
    1. 通过HttpServletResponse进行输出

    2. 通过HttpServletResponse实现重定向

    3. 通过HttpServletResponse实现转发

    @Controller
    public class ResultGo {
    
        @RequestMapping("/result/t1")
        public void test1(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throws IOException {
            rsp.getWriter().println("Hello,Spring BY servlet API");
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/result/t2")
        public void test2(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throws IOException {
            rsp.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/result/t3")
        public void test3(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throws Exception {
            //转发
            req.setAttribute("msg","/result/t3");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,rsp);
        }
    }
    
    • SpringMVC
    1. 无视图解析器
    @Controller
    public class ResultSpringMVC {
        @RequestMapping("/rsm/t1")
        public String test1(){
            //转发
            return "/index.jsp";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/rsm/t2")
        public String test2() {
            //转发二
            return "forward:/index.jsp";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/rsm/t3")
        public String test3() {
            //重定向
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        }
    }
    
    1. 有视图解析器
    @Controller
    public class ResultSpringMVC2 {
        @RequestMapping("/rsm2/t1")
        public String test1(){
            //转发
            return "test";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/rsm2/t2")
        public String test2(){
            //重定向
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
            //return "redirect:hello.do"; //hello.do为另一个请求/
        }
    }
    

    数据处理

    处理提交数据

    1. 提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名一致
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(String name) {
       System.out.println(name);
       return "hello";
    }
    
    1. 提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名不一致
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name) {
        System.out.println(name);
        return "hello";
    }
    
    1. 提交的是一个对象
    public class User {
       private int id;
       private String name;
       private int age;
       //构造
       //get/set
       //tostring()
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public String user(User user) {
        System.out.println(user);
        return "hello";
    }
    

    数据显示到前端

    • ModelAndView
    • ModelMap
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, ModelMap model){
        //封装要显示到视图中的数据
        //相当于req.setAttribute("name",name);
        model.addAttribute("name",name);
        System.out.println(name);
        return "hello";
    }
    
    • Model
    @RequestMapping("/ct2/hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model){
       //封装要显示到视图中的数据
       //相当于req.setAttribute("name",name);
       model.addAttribute("msg",name);
       System.out.println(name);
       return "test";
    }
    

    乱码问题 -> 过滤器

    • 使用SpringMVC提供的过滤器
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    

    JSON:数据交换格式

    • JSON 和 JavaScript对象关系:JSON 是 JavaScript 对象的字符串表示法,它使用文本表示一个 JS 对象的信息,本质是一个字符串。

    • JSON和JavaScript对象互转

    var json = JSON.stringify({a: 'Hello', b: 'World'});
    //结果是 '{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}'
    
    var obj = JSON.parse('{"a": "Hello", "b": "World"}');
    

    Jackon使用

    • SpringMVC配置
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
            version="4.0">
    
        <!--1.注册servlet-->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置,进行关联-->
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <!-- 启动顺序,数字越小,启动越早 -->
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
    
        <!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
        <filter>
            <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    
    </web-app>
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    
        <!-- 自动扫描指定的包,下面所有注解类交给IOC容器管理 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/>
    
        <!-- 视图解析器 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
                id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- 前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
            <!-- 后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
        </bean>
    
    </beans>
    
    @Controller
    public class UserController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/json1")
        @ResponseBody
        public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
            //创建一个jackson的对象映射器,用来解析数据
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            //创建一个对象
            User user = new User("秦疆1号", 3, "男");
            //将我们的对象解析成为json格式
            String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
            //由于@ResponseBody注解,这里会将str转成json格式返回;十分方便
            return str;
        }
    }
    
    • 乱码解决
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
            <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
        </bean>
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
            <property name="objectMapper">
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                    <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                </bean>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
    
    • 返回json字符串
    @RestController
    public class UserController {
       //produces:指定响应体返回类型和编码
        @RequestMapping(value = "/json1")
        public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
            //创建一个jackson的对象映射器,用来解析数据
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            //创建一个对象
            User user = new User("秦疆1号", 3, "男");
            //将我们的对象解析成为json格式
            String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
            //由于@ResponseBody注解,这里会将str转成json格式返回;十分方便
            return str;
        }
    }
    
    • 输出时间对象:自定义时间格式
    @RequestMapping("/json4")
    public String json4() throws JsonProcessingException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //不使用时间戳的方式
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
        //自定义日期格式对象
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        //指定日期格式
        mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
        Date date = new Date();
        String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(date);
        return str;
    }
    
    • 抽象为工具类
    package utils;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
    
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    
    public class JsonUtils {
       
        public static String getJson(Object object) {
            return getJson(object,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        }
    
        public static String getJson(Object object,String dateFormat) {
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            //不使用时间差的方式
            mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
            //自定义日期格式对象
            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
            //指定日期格式
            mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
            try {
                return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/json5")
    public String json5() throws JsonProcessingException {
        Date date = new Date();
        String json = JsonUtils.getJson(date);
        return json;
    }
    
    • FastJson

      • JSONObject 代表 json 对象

      • JSONObject实现了Map接口, 猜想 JSONObject底层操作是由Map实现的。

      • JSONObject对应json对象,通过各种形式的get()方法可以获取json对象中的数据,也可利用诸如size(),isEmpty()等方法获取"键:值"对的个数和判断是否为空。其本质是通过实现Map接口并调用接口中的方法完成的。

    • JSONArray 代表 json 对象数组

      • 内部是有List接口中的方法来完成操作的。
    • JSON代表 JSONObject和JSONArray的转化

      • JSON类源码分析与使用

      • 仔细观察这些方法,主要是实现json对象,json对象数组,javabean对象,json字符串之间的相互转化。

    
    
    package controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import pojo.User;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class FastJsonDemo {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //创建一个对象
            User user1 = new User("zcs1", 3, "男");
            User user2 = new User("zcs2", 3, "男");
            User user3 = new User("zcs3", 3, "男");
            User user4 = new User("zcs4", 3, "男");
            List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
            list.add(user1);
            list.add(user2);
            list.add(user3);
            list.add(user4);
    
            System.out.println("*******Java对象 转 JSON字符串*******");
            String str1 = JSON.toJSONString(list);
            System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(list)==>"+str1);
            String str2 = JSON.toJSONString(user1);
            System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(user1)==>"+str2);
    
            System.out.println("
    ****** JSON字符串 转 Java对象*******");
            User jp_user1=JSON.parseObject(str2,User.class);
            System.out.println("JSON.parseObject(str2,User.class)==>"+jp_user1);
    
            System.out.println("
    ****** Java对象 转 JSON对象 ******");
            JSONObject jsonObject1 = (JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2);
            System.out.println("(JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2)==>"+jsonObject1.getString("name"));
    
            System.out.println("
    ****** JSON对象 转 Java对象 ******");
            User to_java_user = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject1, User.class);
            System.out.println("JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject1, User.class)==>"+to_java_user);
        }
    }
    

    Ajax:异步的JavaScript和XML

    • HttpServletResponse实现
    @Controller
    public class AjaxController {
    
       @RequestMapping("/a1")
       public void ajax1(String name , HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
           if ("admin".equals(name)){
               response.getWriter().print("true");
          }else{
               response.getWriter().print("false");
          }
      }
    }
    
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
     <head>
       <title>$Title$</title>
      <%--<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>--%>
       <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
       <script>
           function a1() {
               $.post({
                   url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a1",
                   data: {'name':$("#txtName").val()},
                   success: function (data,status) {
                       alert(data);
                       alert(status);
                  }
              });
          }
       </script>
     </head>
     <body>
    
    <%--onblur:失去焦点触发事件--%>
    用户名:<input type="text" id="txtName" onblur="a1()"/>
    
     </body>
    </html>
    

    失去焦点触发事件 -> a1() -> 发起请求 -> 后台进行数据处理(HttpServletResponse) -> 返回前端

    • SpringMVC实现
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class User {
    
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private String sex;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/a2")
    public List<User> ajax2(){
       List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
       list.add(new User("zcs01",3,"男"));
       list.add(new User("zcs02",3,"男"));
       list.add(new User("zcs03",3,"男"));
       return list; //由于@RestController注解,将list转成json格式返回
    }
    
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
       <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <input type="button" id="btn" value="获取数据"/>
    <table width="80%" align="center">
       <tr>
           <td>姓名</td>
           <td>年龄</td>
           <td>性别</td>
       </tr>
       <tbody id="content">
       </tbody>
    </table>
    
    <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
    <script>
    
       $(function () {
           $("#btn").click(function () {
               $.post("${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a2",function (data) {
                   console.log(data)
                   var html="";
                   for (var i = 0; i <data.length ; i++) {
                       html+= "<tr>" +
                           "<td>" + data[i].name + "</td>" +
                           "<td>" + data[i].age + "</td>" +
                           "<td>" + data[i].sex + "</td>" +
                           "</tr>"
                  }
                   $("#content").html(html);
              });
          })
      })
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    • 用户名验证
    @RequestMapping("/a3")
    public String ajax3(String name, String pwd) {
        String msg = "";
        //模拟数据库中存在数据
        if (name != null) {
            if ("admin".equals(name)) {
                msg = "OK";
            }else {
                msg = "用户名输入错误";
            }
        }
        if (pwd!=null) {
            if ("123456".equals(pwd)) {
                msg = "OK";
            }else {
                msg = "密码输入有误";
            }
        }
        return msg; //由于@RestController注解,将msg转成json格式返回
    }
    
    
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
       <title>ajax</title>
       <script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
       <script>
    
           function a1() {
               $.post({
                   url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
                   data:{'name':$("#name").val()},
                   success:function (data) {
                       if (data.toString()=='OK'){
                           $("#userInfo").css("color","green");
                      }else {
                           $("#userInfo").css("color","red");
                      }
                       $("#userInfo").html(data);
                  }
              });
          }
           function a2() {
               $.post({
                   url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
                   data:{'pwd':$("#pwd").val()},
                   success:function (data) {
                       if (data.toString()=='OK'){
                           $("#pwdInfo").css("color","green");
                      }else {
                           $("#pwdInfo").css("color","red");
                      }
                       $("#pwdInfo").html(data);
                  }
              });
          }
    
       </script>
    </head>
        <body>
            <p>
            用户名:<input type="text" id="name" onblur="a1()"/>
            <span id="userInfo"></span>
            </p>
            <p>
            密码:<input type="text" id="pwd" onblur="a2()"/>
            <span id="pwdInfo"></span>
            </p>
        </body>
    </html>
    

    拦截器:AOP思想的具体应用

    • 过滤器

      • servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用

      • 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截

    • 拦截器

      • 拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用

      • 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法, 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的

    自定义拦截器

    package interceptor;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    
        //在请求处理的方法之前执行
        //如果返回true执行下一个拦截器
        //如果返回false就不执行下一个拦截器
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("------------处理前------------");
            return true;
        }
    
        //在请求处理方法执行之后执行
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("------------处理后------------");
        }
    
        //在dispatcherServlet处理后执行,做清理工作.
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("------------清理------------");
        }
    }
    
    <!--关于拦截器的配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--/** 包括路径及其子路径-->
            <!--/admin/* 拦截的是/admin/add等等这种 , /admin/add/user不会被拦截-->
            <!--/admin/** 拦截的是/admin/下的所有-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <!--bean配置的就是拦截器-->
            <bean class="com.kuang.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    
    package com.kuang.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    //测试拦截器的控制器
    @Controller
    public class InterceptorController {
    
        @RequestMapping("/interceptor")
        @ResponseBody
        public String testFunction() {
            System.out.println("控制器中的方法执行了");
            return "hello";
        }
    }
    
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/interceptor">拦截器测试</a>
    

    验证用户是否登录

    1. 有一个登陆页面,需要写一个controller访问页面。

    2. 登陆页面有一提交表单的动作。需要在controller中处理。判断用户名密码是否正确。如果正确,向session中写入用户信息。返回登陆成功。

    3. 拦截用户请求,判断用户是否登陆。如果用户已经登陆。放行, 如果用户未登陆,跳转到登陆页面

    • 登录页面
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    
    <h1>登录页面</h1>
    <hr>
    
    <body>
        <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login">
            用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
            密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"> <br>
            <input type="submit" value="提交">
        </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    • Controller处理请求
    package controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public class UserController {
    
        //跳转到登陆页面
        @RequestMapping("/jumplogin")
        public String jumpLogin() throws Exception {
            return "login";
        }
    
        //跳转到成功页面
        @RequestMapping("/jumpSuccess")
        public String jumpSuccess() throws Exception {
            return "success";
        }
    
        //登陆提交
        @RequestMapping("/login")
        public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String pwd) throws Exception {
            // 向session记录用户身份信息
            System.out.println("接收前端==="+username);
            session.setAttribute("user", username);
            return "success";
        }
    
        //退出登陆
        @RequestMapping("logout")
        public String logout(HttpSession session) throws Exception {
            // session 过期
            session.invalidate();
            return "login";
        }
    }
    
    • 登录成功页面
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h1>登录成功页面</h1>
    <hr>
    
    ${user}
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/logout">注销</a>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    • 跳转
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
     <head>
       <title>$Title$</title>
     </head>
     <body>
     <h1>首页</h1>
     <hr>
    <%--登录--%>
     <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumplogin">登录</a>
     <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumpSuccess">成功页面</a>
     </body>
    </html>
    
    • 用户登录拦截器
    package interceptor;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws ServletException, IOException {
            // 如果是登陆页面则放行
            System.out.println("uri: " + request.getRequestURI());
            if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) {
                return true;
            }
    
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    
            // 如果用户已登陆也放行
            if(session.getAttribute("user") != null) {
                return true;
            }
    
            // 用户没有登陆跳转到登陆页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
            return false;
        }
    
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    
        }
    
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        }
    }
    
    • 配置文件注册拦截器
    <!--关于拦截器的配置-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean id="loginInterceptor" class="sinterceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    

    文件上传

    • 在上下文中配置MultipartResolver。

    • 前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器;

    • 表单中的 enctype 属性做个详细的说明:

      • application/x-www=form-urlencoded:默认方式,只处理表单域中的 value 属性值,采用这种编码方式的表单会将表单域中的值处理成 URL 编码方式。

      • multipart/form-data:这种编码方式会以二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,这种编码方式会把文件域指定文件的内容也封装到请求参数中,不会对字符编码。

      • text/plain:除了把空格转换为 "+" 号外,其他字符都不做编码处理,这种方式适用直接通过表单发送邮件。

    <form action="" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
        <input type="file" name="file"/>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
    
    • Spring MVC为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是用即插即用的MultipartResolver实现的。

    • Spring MVC使用Apache Commons FileUpload技术实现了一个MultipartResolver实现类:

    • CommonsMultipartResolver。因此,SpringMVC的文件上传还需要依赖Apache Commons FileUpload的组件。

    文件上传

    • 导入文件
    <!--文件上传-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--servlet-api导入高版本的-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    
    • 配置Bean
      • bean的id必须为:multipartResolver,否则上传文件会报400的错误
    <!--文件上传配置-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <!-- 请求的编码格式,必须和jSP的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确读取表单的内容,默认为ISO-8859-1 -->
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
        <!-- 上传文件大小上限,单位为字节(10485760=10M) -->
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
        <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
    </bean>
    
    • CommonsMultipartFile 的 常用方法:

      • String getOriginalFilename():获取上传文件的原名

      • InputStream getInputStream():获取文件流

      • void transferTo(File dest):将上传文件保存到一个目录文件中

    • 前端页面

    <form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
        <input type="file" name="file"/>
        <input type="submit" value="upload">
    </form>
    
    • Controller
    package controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import java.io.*;
    
    @Controller
    public class FileController {
       //@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装成CommonsMultipartFile 对象
       //批量上传CommonsMultipartFile则为数组即可
        @RequestMapping("/upload")
        public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
    
            //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
            String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
    
            //如果文件名为空,直接回到首页!
            if ("".equals(uploadFileName)) {
                return "redirect:/index.jsp";
            }
            System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);
    
            //上传路径保存设置
            String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
            //如果路径不存在,创建一个
            File realPath = new File(path);
            if (!realPath.exists()) {
                realPath.mkdir();
            }
            System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);
    
            InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流
    
            //读取写出
            int len=0;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1) {
                os.write(buffer,0,len);
                os.flush();
            }
            os.close();
            is.close();
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        }
    }
    
    • 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
    1. Controller
    /*
    * 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
    */
    @RequestMapping("/upload2")
    public String  fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
    
        //上传路径保存设置
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        File realPath = new File(path);
        if (!realPath.exists()){
            realPath.mkdir();
        }
        //上传文件地址
        System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);
    
        //通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
        file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));
    
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
    

    文件下载

    文件下载步骤:

    1. 设置 response 响应头

    2. 读取文件 -- InputStream

    3. 写出文件 -- OutputStream

    4. 执行操作

    5. 关闭流 (先开后关)

    @RequestMapping(value="/download")
    public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response ,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
        //要下载的图片地址
        String  path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
        String  fileName = "基础语法.jpg";
    
        //1、设置response 响应头
        response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
        response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
        //设置响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
                "attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));
    
        File file = new File(path,fileName);
        //2、 读取文件--输入流
        InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
        //3、 写出文件--输出流
        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
    
        byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
        int index=0;
        //4、执行 写出操作
        while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
            out.write(buff, 0, index);
            out.flush();
        }
        out.close();
        input.close();
        return null;
    }
    
    <a href="/download">点击下载</a>
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Hot-machine/p/13400003.html
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