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  • PowerMockito(PowerMock用法)

    网络上大部分是powermock 的用法， 

    PowerMock有两个重要的注解：

          –@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)  

          –@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })

    但是powermockito @PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class }) 是在使用时 每个test case 方法中按需添加的。 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)  必须添加到类名头。

    摘自：

    http://blog.csdn.net/knighttools/article/details/44630975

    一、为什么要使用Mock工具

          在做单元测试的时候，我们会发现我们要测试的方法会引用很多外部依赖的对象，比如：（发送邮件，网络通讯，远程服务, 文件系统等等）。 而我们没法控制这些外部依赖的对象，为了解决这个问题，我们就需要用到Mock工具来模拟这些外部依赖的对象，来完成单元测试。

          二、为什么要使用PowerMock

          现如今比较流行的Mock工具如jMock 、EasyMock 、Mockito等都有一个共同的缺点：不能mock静态、final、私有方法等。而PowerMock能够完美的弥补以上三个Mock工具的不足。

          三、PowerMock简介

          PowerMock是一个扩展了其它如EasyMock等mock框架的、功能更加强大的框架。PowerMock使用一个自定义类加载器和字节码操作来模拟静态方法，构造函数，final类和方法，私有方法，去除静态初始化器等等。通过使用自定义的类加载器，简化采用的IDE或持续集成服务器不需要做任何改变。熟悉PowerMock支持的mock框架的开发人员会发现PowerMock很容易使用，因为对于静态方法和构造器来说，整个的期望API是一样的。PowerMock旨在用少量的方法和注解扩展现有的API来实现额外的功能。目前PowerMock支持EasyMock和Mockito。

          四、PowerMock入门    

          PowerMock有两个重要的注解：

          –@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)

          –@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })

          如果你的测试用例里没有使用注解@PrepareForTest，那么可以不用加注解@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)，反之亦然。当你需要使用PowerMock强大功能（Mock静态、final、私有方法等）的时候，就需要加注解@PrepareForTest。

          五、PowerMock基本用法

          (1) 普通Mock： Mock参数传递的对象

          测试目标代码：

    1 public boolean callArgumentInstance(File file) {
    2  
    3      return file.exists();
    4  
    5 }

         测试用例代码： 

    01 @Test 
    02 public void testCallArgumentInstance() {
    03   
    04     File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); 
    05  
    06     ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
    07    
    08     PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true);
    09   
    10     Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callArgumentInstance(file)); 
    11 }

          说明：普通Mock不需要加@RunWith和@PrepareForTest注解。

           (2)  Mock方法内部new出来的对象

           测试目标代码：

    01 public class ClassUnderTest {
    02  
    03     public boolean callInternalInstance(String path) { 
    04  
    05         File file = new File(path); 
    06  
    07         return file.exists(); 
    08  
    09     } 
    10 }

           测试用例代码：    

    01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
    03  
    04     @Test 
    05     @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) 
    06     public void testCallInternalInstance() throws Exception { 
    07  
    08         File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); 
    09  
    10         ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); 
    11  
    12         PowerMockito.whenNew(File.class).withArguments("bbb").thenReturn(file); 
    13          
    14         PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); 
    15  
    16         Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callInternalInstance("bbb")); 
    17     } 
    18 }

          说明：当使用PowerMockito.whenNew方法时，必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是需要mock的new对象代码所在的类。

         (3) Mock普通对象的final方法

         测试目标代码：

    1 public class ClassUnderTest {
    2  
    3     public boolean callFinalMethod(ClassDependency refer) { 
    4  
    5         return refer.isAlive(); 
    6  
    7     } 
    8 }
    01 public class ClassDependency {
    02      
    03     public final boolean isAlive() {
    04  
    05         // do something 
    06  
    07         return false; 
    08  
    09     } 
    10 }

           测试用例代码：

    01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
    03  
    04     @Test 
    05     @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) 
    06     public void testCallFinalMethod() {
    07  
    08         ClassDependency depencency =  PowerMockito.mock(ClassDependency.class);
    09   
    10         ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
    11   
    12         PowerMockito.when(depencency.isAlive()).thenReturn(true);
    13   
    14         Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callFinalMethod(depencency));
    15   
    16     }
    17 }

          说明： 当需要mock final方法的时候，必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是final方法所在的类。 

          (4) Mock普通类的静态方法

          测试目标代码：

    1 public class ClassUnderTest {
    2  
    3     public boolean callStaticMethod() {
    4   
    5         return ClassDependency.isExist(); 
    6  
    7     }  
    8 }
    01 public class ClassDependency {
    02     
    03     public static boolean isExist() {
    04  
    05         // do something 
    06  
    07         return false; 
    08  
    09     } 
    10 }

          测试用例代码：

    01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
    03  
    04     @Test 
    05     @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) 
    06     public void testCallStaticMethod() {
    07   
    08         ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
    09   
    10         PowerMockito.mockStatic(ClassDependency.class); 
    11  
    12         PowerMockito.when(ClassDependency.isExist()).thenReturn(true);
    13   
    14         Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callStaticMethod());
    15   
    16     }
    17 }

          说明：当需要mock静态方法的时候，必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是静态方法所在的类。

          (5) Mock 私有方法

          测试目标代码： 

    01 public class ClassUnderTest {
    02  
    03     public boolean callPrivateMethod() { 
    04  
    05         return isExist(); 
    06  
    07     }       
    08  
    09     private boolean isExist() {
    10    
    11         return false; 
    12  
    13     }
    14 }

         测试用例代码：  

    01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
    03  
    04     @Test 
    05     @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) 
    06     public void testCallPrivateMethod() throws Exception { 
    07  
    08        ClassUnderTest underTest = PowerMockito.mock(ClassUnderTest.class); 
    09  
    10        PowerMockito.when(underTest.callPrivateMethod()).thenCallRealMethod(); 
    11  
    12        PowerMockito.when(underTest, "isExist").thenReturn(true);
    13    
    14        Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callPrivateMethod());
    15   
    16     }
    17 }

           说明：和Mock普通方法一样，只是需要加注解@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class)，注解里写的类是私有方法所在的类。 

           (6) Mock系统类的静态和final方法 

            测试目标代码：   

    01 public class ClassUnderTest {
    02  
    03     public boolean callSystemFinalMethod(String str) {
    04  
    05         return str.isEmpty(); 
    06  
    07     } 
    08  
    09     public String callSystemStaticMethod(String str) {
    10   
    11         return System.getProperty(str); 
    12  
    13     }
    14 }

          测试用例代码：

    01 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    02 public class TestClassUnderTest {
    03  
    04   @Test 
    05   @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) 
    06   public void testCallSystemStaticMethod() { 
    07  
    08       ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); 
    09  
    10       PowerMockito.mockStatic(System.class); 
    11  
    12       PowerMockito.when(System.getProperty("aaa")).thenReturn("bbb");
    13    
    14       Assert.assertEquals("bbb", underTest.callJDKStaticMethod("aaa")); 
    15  
    16   } 
    17 }

          说明：和Mock普通对象的静态方法、final方法一样，只不过注解@PrepareForTest里写的类不一样 ，注解里写的类是需要调用系统方法所在的类。

          六 、无所不能的PowerMock

           (1) 验证静态方法：

           PowerMockito.verifyStatic();
           Static.firstStaticMethod(param);

           (2) 扩展验证:

           PowerMockito.verifyStatic(Mockito.times(2)); //  被调用2次                                Static.thirdStaticMethod(Mockito.anyInt()); // 以任何整数值被调用

           (3) 更多的Mock方法

           http://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockitoUsage13

          七、PowerMock简单实现原理

           •  当某个测试方法被注解@PrepareForTest标注以后，在运行测试用例时，会创建一个新的org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader实例，然后加载该测试用例使用到的类（系统类除外）。

           •   PowerMock会根据你的mock要求，去修改写在注解@PrepareForTest里的class文件（当前测试类会自动加入注解中），以满足特殊的mock需求。例如：去除final方法的final标识，在静态方法的最前面加入自己的虚拟实现等。

           •   如果需要mock的是系统类的final方法和静态方法，PowerMock不会直接修改系统类的class文件，而是修改调用系统类的class文件，以满足mock需求。

    楼主代码：

    package com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.util;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerationException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.dao.entity.ResponseResult;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.dao.entity.Syssubp;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.service.SubscribeService;
import com.ericsson.csp.cst.admin.service.SyssubpService;



@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
public class SubscribeUtilTest{
    
    private Syssubp disp;
    private Syssubp fromdisp;
    private Syssubp nonSubscribedsubp;
    private Syssubp subscribedsubp;
    
    private SubscribeService subscribeService;
    
    private SyssubpService syssubpService;
    
    private SubscribeUtil subscribeUtil;
    
    @Before
    public void init() throws Exception{
        disp=fillInsubp();
        fromdisp=dispsubp();
        nonSubscribedsubp=getNonSubscribedLocalsubp();
        subscribedsubp=getSubscribedLocalsubp();
       
        syssubpService=PowerMockito.mock(SyssubpService.class);
        List<Syssubp> emptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
        List<Syssubp> nonEmptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
        nonEmptyLocalList.add(nonSubscribedsubp);
        PowerMockito.doReturn(nonEmptyLocalList).when(syssubpService,"query");
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"update",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"save",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(syssubpService,"deleteById",Mockito.anyInt());
        
        subscribeService=PowerMockito.mock(SubscribeService.class);
        PowerMockito.doReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build()).when(subscribeService,"subscribe",Mockito.any(Syssubp.class));
        PowerMockito.doReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build()).when(subscribeService,"deletesubp",Mockito.anyInt());
        PowerMockito.when(subscribeService,"getAllsubps").thenReturn(Response.status(200).type(new String()).entity("a string").build());
       
   
    
        subscribeUtil=PowerMockito.spy(new SubscribeUtil());
        subscribeUtil.setSubscribeService(subscribeService);
        subscribeUtil.setsubpService(syssubpService);
    }

    @Test
    @PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
    public void testSubscribe() throws Exception {
        
        String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
        String skip_createsubpBydispResponse="createsubpBydispResponse";
        
        ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
        result.setStatus(200);
        
        PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
        PowerMockito.doReturn(fromdisp).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createsubpBydispResponse, Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));

        ResponseResult resp=subscribeUtil.subscribe(nonSubscribedsubp);
        
        
        assertEquals(200, resp.getStatus());
        
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testUpdatesubpLocally() throws JsonGenerationException, JsonMappingException, IOException{
        
        subscribeUtil.updatesubp(nonSubscribedsubp);
    }
    
    @Test
    @PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
    public void testUpdatesubpdisply() throws Exception{
        
        ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
        result.setStatus(200);
        
        String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
        PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
        String skip_createsubpBydispResponse="createsubpBydispResponse";
        PowerMockito.doReturn(fromdisp).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createsubpBydispResponse, Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
        
        subscribeUtil.updatesubp(subscribedsubp);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testDeletesubpLocally() throws Exception{
        PowerMockito.doReturn(nonSubscribedsubp).when(syssubpService,"queryById",Mockito.anyInt());
        subscribeUtil.deletesubp(100);
    }
    @Test
    @PrepareForTest(SubscribeUtil.class)
    public void testDeletesubpdisply() throws Exception{
        ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
        result.setStatus(200);
        
        PowerMockito.doReturn(subscribedsubp).when(syssubpService,"queryById",Mockito.anyInt());
        String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
        PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
      
        subscribeUtil.deletesubp(100);
    }
    
    @Test
    @PrepareForTest({JacksonUtil.class,SubscribeUtil.class})
    public void testSyncdispWhenLocalNonEmpty() throws Exception{
        ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
        result.setStatus(200);
        String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
        PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
        
        List<Syssubp> dispList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
        dispList.add(fromdisp);
        dispList.add(fromdisp);
        dispList.add(fromdisp);
        
        
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(JacksonUtil.class);
        PowerMockito.when(JacksonUtil.getListByTargetClass(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.eq(Syssubp.class))).thenReturn(dispList);
        
        subscribeUtil.syncSubcriptionWithdisp();
    }
    
    
    @Test
    @PrepareForTest({JacksonUtil.class,SubscribeUtil.class})
    public void testSyncdispWhenLocalEmpty() throws Exception{
        ResponseResult result=new ResponseResult();
        result.setStatus(200);
        String skip_createResponseResultByResponse="createResponseResultByResponse";
        PowerMockito.doReturn(result).when(subscribeUtil, skip_createResponseResultByResponse, Mockito.any(Response.class),Mockito.any(ResponseResult.class));
        
        List<Syssubp> dispList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
        dispList.add(fromdisp);
        dispList.add(fromdisp);
        dispList.add(fromdisp);
        
        
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(JacksonUtil.class);
        PowerMockito.when(JacksonUtil.getListByTargetClass(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.eq(Syssubp.class))).thenReturn(dispList);
        
        List<Syssubp> emptyLocalList=new ArrayList<Syssubp>();
        PowerMockito.doReturn(emptyLocalList).when(syssubpService,"query");
        
        subscribeUtil.syncSubcriptionWithdisp();
    }

    private Syssubp fillInsubp() {
        Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
        syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
        syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
        syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
        syssubp.setUsername("");
        syssubp.setPassword("");
        return syssubp;
    }
    private Syssubp getNonSubscribedLocalsubp() {
        Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
        syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
        syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
        syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
        syssubp.setUsername("");
        syssubp.setPassword("");
        syssubp.setApp_name("app");
        syssubp.setCreate_time(new Date());
        syssubp.setId(100);
        return syssubp;
    }
    private Syssubp getSubscribedLocalsubp() {
        Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
        syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
        syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
        syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
        syssubp.setUsername("");
        syssubp.setPassword("");
        syssubp.setApp_name("app");
        syssubp.setCreate_time(new Date());
        syssubp.setId(100);
        syssubp.setStatus(true);
        syssubp.setUpdate_time(new Date());
        syssubp.setsubpId(100);
        return syssubp;
    }
    
    private Syssubp dispsubp() {
        Syssubp syssubp=new Syssubp();
        syssubp.setCallbackUrl("http://192.168.3.237:8080/cst-ecall/services/uplink/uplinkService");
        syssubp.setTopicServiceId("adade");
        syssubp.setEnableTransformation(true);
        syssubp.setUsername("");
        syssubp.setPassword("");
        syssubp.setsubpId(100);
        return syssubp;
    }
}
    View Code
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/IamThat/p/5072499.html
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