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  • PostgreSQL使用repmgr配置级联复制

    最近的项目要求配置共享存储的四节点集群,使集群能够形成负载均衡。

    但是大家知道,PostgreSQL不支持使用同一数据目录生成多个实例,在执行pg_ctl start的时候,如果指定的数据目录有实例在运行,则该实例会发生错误导致数据库down掉。故而,我们选择了基于pgpool-II + repmgr的策略来实现基于NAS共享存储的负载均衡策略。架构如下图所示:

    共享磁盘的实现方法多种多样,本文主要讲解repmgr的使用方法:

    (零)准备工作

    本例中,准备了四台虚拟机,IP地址分别为:

    192.168.100.1 node1
    
    192.168.100.2 node2
    
    192.168.100.3 node3
    
    192.168.100.4 node4

    NAS存储中,分别创建目录data1、data2、data3、data4,并挂载到各数据节点上。*注意目录权限必须为700

    在所有节点安装repmgr。其中,只有node1节点上执行initdb,而node2、node3、node4均不初始化

    在node1节点的postgresql.conf添加以下配置:

    hot_standby = on
    wal_level = 'replica'
    max_wal_senders = 50

    创建repmgr用户及数据库

    [Harvest@node1 ~] createuser -s repmgr
    [Harvest@node1 ~] createdb repmgr -O repmgr

    配置pg_hba.conf,添加以下规则:

    local    replication     repmgr                                              trust
    host     replication     repmgr                 127.0.0.1/32                 trust
    host     replication     repmgr                 192.168.100.0/0              trust
    local    repmgr          repmgr                                              trust
    host     repmgr          repmgr                 127.0.0.1/32                 trust
    host     repmgr          repmgr                 192.168.100.0/0              trust

    启动数据库,并在node2(或node3、node4)测试是否可以通过repmgr连接到数据库

    [Harvest@node1 ~] pg_ctl start

    [Harvest@node2 ~] psql 'host=node1 user=repmgr dbname=repmgr connect_timeout=2'

    (一)安装repmgr

    首先,解压repmgr并安装:

    [Harvest@node1 opt]cd repmgr-x.x.x
    [Harvest@node1 repmgr-x.x.x] ./configure && make && make install #执行configure的时候需要sed和pg_config两个应用,基本上linux系统都会自带sed,pg_config安装了postgresql也都会有

    (二)配置node1

    在node1上创建配置文件repmgr1.conf:

     node_id=1
     node_name=node1
     conninfo='host=node1 user=repmgr dbname=repmgr connect_timeout=2'
     data_directory='/opt/data/data1' 

    接下来将node1注册为主服务器:

    [Harvest@node1 ~] repmgr -f repmgr1.conf primary register

    如果屏幕中回显如下,则注册成功:

    INFO: connecting to primary database...
    NOTICE: attempting to install extension "repmgr"
    NOTICE: "repmgr" extension successfully installed
    NOTICE: primary node record (id: 1) registered
     

    验证集群状态

    [Harvest@node1 ~]repmgr -f repmgr.conf cluster show

    回显如下:

      ID | Name  | Role    | Status    | Upstream | Connection string
     ----+-------+---------+-----------+----------+--------------------------------------------------------
      1  | node1 | primary | * running |          | host=node1 dbname=repmgr user=repmgr connect_timeout=2

    (二)添加node2

    如上所述配置repmgr2.conf:

     node_id=2
     node_name=node2
     conninfo='host=node2 user=repmgr dbname=repmgr connect_timeout=2'
     data_directory='/opt/data/data2' 

    创建node2备份,该步骤会使用pg_basebackup命令将node1节点的数据目录备份到data2目录中

    [Harvest@node2 ~] repmgr -h node1 -U repmgr -d repmgr -f repmgr.conf standby clone

    回显如下所示说明备份成功

     NOTICE: using configuration file "/etc/repmgr.conf"
     NOTICE: destination directory "/opt/data/data2" provided
     INFO: connecting to source node
     NOTICE: checking for available walsenders on source node (2 required)
     INFO: sufficient walsenders available on source node (2 required)
     INFO: creating directory "/opt/data/data2"...
     NOTICE: starting backup (using pg_basebackup)...
     HINT: this may take some time; consider using the -c/--fast-checkpoint option
     INFO: executing:
          pg_basebackup -l "repmgr base backup" -D /opt/data/data2 -h node1 -U repmgr -X stream
     NOTICE: standby clone (using pg_basebackup) complete
     NOTICE: you can now start your PostgreSQL server
     HINT: for example: pg_ctl -D /opt/data/data2 start

    注册node2

    [Harvest@node2 ~] repmgr -f repmgr.conf standby register

    回显如下:

    NOTICE: standby node "node2" (ID: 2) successfully registered

    验证集群状态

    [Harvest@node1 ~]repmgr -f repmgr.conf cluster show
         ID | Name  | Role    | Status    | Upstream | Location | Connection string
        ----+-------+---------+-----------+----------+----------+--------------------------------------
         1  | node1 | primary | * running |          | default  | host=node1 dbname=repmgr user=repmgr
         2  | node2 | standby |   running | node1    | default  | host=node2 dbname=repmgr user=repmgr

    (三)注册node3、node4

    node3、node4在配置上与node2相同,唯一的区别在于增加了'--upstream-node-id=2'这个参数,它指定了数据流的来源:

    [Harvest@node3 ~] repmgr -h node2 -U repmgr -d repmgr -f /etc/repmgr.conf standby clone --upstream-node-id=2
    [Harvest@node3 ~] repmgr -f /etc/repmgr.conf standby register --upstream-node-id=2

    同理node4的数据流来源为node3:

    [Harvest@node4 ~] repmgr -h node3 -U repmgr -d repmgr -f /etc/repmgr.conf standby clone --upstream-node-id=3
    [Harvest@node4 ~] repmgr -f /etc/repmgr.conf standby register --upstream-node-id=3

    以上,使用repmgr的级联复制配置完成。

    参考

    1.repmgr手册 :https://repmgr.org/docs/current/index.html

    2.中文版手册:http://citusdb.cn/?p=1068

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/MsHarvest/p/12623053.html
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