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day23-Tornado

一，安装方法：

# pip3 install tornado

二，基本使用：
   1、路由系统
       a、原生支持restful
       b、二级域名
           application.add_handlers("cmdb.oldboy.com",[
               (r"/main", CmdbHandler),
           ])
       c、动态

# Author:Alex Li
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# pip3 install tornado
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import hashlib
import time
def md5(arg):
    m = hashlib.md5()
    m.update(bytes(arg,encoding='utf-8'))
    return m.hexdigest()

app_id_list = [
    '1suidfmsdfoj',
    '1su5451254212'
]
visited_api = [
    "http://www.oldboy.com:8888/api?app_id=8e69354826691f0ea816d7108be7c122|1477194640.0149357"
]

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        app_id = self.get_argument('app_id',None)
        md, current_time = app_id.split('|')
        server_current_time = time.time()
        client_current_time = float(current_time)
        if client_current_time< server_current_time-10:
            self.write('滚')
            return
        # 10s以内发送的数据
        # 正常用户发送请求： 11：10：10
        # 服务器请求： 11：10：12
        if app_id in visited_api:
            self.write('滚')
            return

        # current_time客户端的当前时间
        # 服务器的当前事件


        # 将黑客随便写的url过滤
        flag = False
        for key in app_id_list:
            new_str = "%s|%s" %(key, current_time)
            server_md = md5(new_str)
            if md == server_md:
                # redis，10s之后就小时
                visited_api.append(app_id)
                flag = True
                break
        if flag:
            self.write('ok')
        else:
            self.write('滚')

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/api", MainHandler),
])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

api

   2、模版引擎
       - 功能更接近python
       - 母板
       - uimethods
       - uimodules

# Author:Alex Li
from tornado.web import UIModule
# from tornado import escape

class custom(UIModule):

    def javascript_files(self):
        return ['http://assdfasdfasdf.js','http://11111.js',]

    def embedded_javascript(self):
        return "function f1(){alert(123);}"

    def css_files(self):
        pass

    def embedded_css(self):
        pass

    def render(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return "<h1>CCCC</h1>"

母版

   3、cookie
       请求cookie和响应cookie
       明文，加密
       set_cookie(k,'alex')

       set_cookie(k,'alex')
       # 加密：
           1、当前时间戳
           2、内容
           3、md5
           # 服务器：key


           # 字符串拼接
                   new_str = 1477191363.8245482|key ====》base64加密
           # 新字符串md5
                   md5(new_str)

           # md5(new_str)|alex|1477191363.8245482




           md5(1477191363.8245482)

           # asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf|alex

           # asdfasd234234234asdfasdf|alex

代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# pip3 install tornado
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        # self.write("Hello, world")
        # 头、内容、cookie
        # self.get_argument()
        # self.set_cookie()
        # self.get_cookie()
        #
        # self.set_secure_cookie()
        # self.get_secure_cookie()
        # 获取所有的请求头
        # self._headers
        self.set_header('k','v')
        self.render('main.html', li=[11,22,33,44])

class CmdbHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("cmdb")

import xo
import ox
settings = {
    'template_path': 'views',
    'ui_methods':xo,
    'ui_modules':ox,
}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/main", MainHandler),
],**settings)
application.add_handlers("cmdb.oldboy.com",[
    (r"/main", CmdbHandler),
])
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

app

   4、请求头，相应头

   ...

   5、自定义Session：
       a.

           def index(request):
               request.session['k'] = 123
               request.seeeion['k']
               del request.session['k']


           class Foo:

               def __getitem__(key):
                   return 123

               def __setitem__(key,value):
                   pass

               def __delitem__(key):
                   pass

           obj = Foo()
           ret = obj['xxx']

           obj['xxxx'] = 123

           del obj['xxxx']

       b. tornado的扩展点
           class BaseHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

               def initialize(self):
                   self.sss = {'k': 123}

           class MainHandler(BaseHandler):

               def get(self):

                   print(self.sss)
                   self.write('ok')

       c. Session原理

# Author:Alex Li

import hashlib
import time
from Session import conf

class SessionHandler:
    def initialize(self):
        self.session_obj = SessionFacotory.get_session_obj(self)


class SessionFacotory:
    @staticmethod
    def get_session_obj(handler):
        if conf.session_type == 'redis':
            return RedisSession(handler)
        elif conf.session_type == 'memcache':
            return RedisSession(handler)
        else:
            return MemorySession(handler)


def md5():
    m = hashlib.md5()
    m.update(bytes(str(time.time()),encoding='utf-8'))
    return m.hexdigest()

class MemorySession:
    container = {

    }
    # self.r_str当前用户的随机字符串
    def __init__(self,handler):

        random_str = handler.get_cookie('___session_id___')
        if random_str:
            # 客户端有cookie
            # 合法cookie
            if random_str in MemorySession.container:
                self.r_str = random_str

            else:
                # 非法cookie
                random_str = md5()
                MemorySession.container[random_str] = {}
                self.r_str = random_str
        else:
            # 客户端无cookie，表示是新用户的到来
            random_str = md5()
            MemorySession.container[random_str] = {}
            self.r_str = random_str

        handler.set_cookie('___session_id___', random_str, expires=time.time() + 200)

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        MemorySession.container[self.r_str][key] = value

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return MemorySession.container[self.r_str].get(item,None)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del MemorySession.container[self.r_str][key]


class RedisSession:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        pass

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        pass

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        pass

session

   6、自定义form表单验证

# Author:Alex Li
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import re

class InputText:
    def __str__(self):
        return '<input type="text" />'

class InputPassword:
    def __str__(self):
        return '<input type="password" />'


class StringField:
    reg = "^w+$"
    def __init__(self,w=None):
        self.w = w if w else InputText()

    def match(self):
        pass


    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.w)


class StringListField:
    reg = "^w+$"
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def match(self):
        pass

class EmailField:
    reg = "^w+$"
    def __init__(self):
        pass


class IndexForm:
    def __init__(self):
        self.user = StringField()
        self.pwd = StringField(w=InputPassword())

    def is_valid(self,handler):
        flag = True
        for k,v in self.__dict__.items():
            # k="user" v="^w+$"   StringField对象
            # k="pwd" v="^w+$"   EmailField对象
            if type(v) == StringListField:
                input_value = handler.get_arguments(k)
            else:
                input_value = handler.get_argument(k)

            result = v.match(input_value)
            if not result:
                flag = False
        return flag

class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        form = IndexForm()
        self.render('index.html', form=form)

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        form = IndexForm()
        ret = form.is_valid(self)
        print(ret)

settings = {
    'template_path': 'views'
}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/index.html", IndexHandler),

], **settings)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    print('http://127.0.0.1:8005')
    application.listen(8005)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

form

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="/index.html">
        {% raw form.user %}                                   #生成html非字符串
        {% raw form.pwd %}
        <hr >
        <input type="text" name="user" />
        <input type="text" name="pwd" />
        <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

index

   7、异步非阻塞
       装饰器 + Future 从而实现Tornado的异步非阻塞

       # Future容器，默认hung住请求，等待用户向future中发送数据
       # hung住： Http未断开；Tornado可以单线程去操作其他请求
       # self.finish()


       使用：
           1、add_time，设置等待时间
           2、Future，添加回调函数，设置值，不再hung住 *******************
           3、httpclient类库

class AsyncHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
 
    @gen.coroutine
    def get(self):
        future = Future()
        future.add_done_callback(self.doing)
        yield future
        # 或
        # tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().add_future(future,self.doing)
        # yield future
 
    def doing(self,*args, **kwargs):
        self.write('async')
        self.finish()

异步非阻塞

   - 示例聊天室：
       发现聊天室，连接不断开：
       - 轮训，setInterval

# Author:Alex Li
# Author:Alex Li
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import time
import json


class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.render('index.html')

li = [
    {'id':123123, 'content': 'asdfasdfasdf'}
]
class MsgHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        index = self.get_argument('index')
        index = int(index)
        if index == 0:
            self.write(json.dumps(li))
        else:
            self.write(json.dumps(li[index:]))

settings = {
    'template_path': 'views',
    'static_path': 'static',
}

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/index.html", IndexHandler),
    (r"/msg.html", MsgHandler),

], **settings)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    print('http://127.0.0.1:8006')
    application.listen(8006)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

app

- 长轮训，实例：：：：：：：对异步非阻塞的应用必须会

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="container">

    </div>

    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
    <script>
        INDEX = 0;

        function get_message(){
            $.ajax({
                url: '/msg.html',
                type: 'get',
                data: {'index': INDEX},
                dataType: 'json',
                success: function (arg) {
                    $.each(arg, function(k,v){
                        INDEX +=1;
                        var tag = document.createElement('p');
                        tag.innerHTML = v.content;
                        $('#container').append(tag);
                    });
                    get_message()
                }
            })
        }

        get_message()
    </script>
</body>
</html>

index

       - websocket

   8、方案

       用户权限管理
       - 普通用户
       - 销售
       - 讲师

       ====》 Django

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/aaron-shen/p/6006590.html