在命令行下运行Matlab

2014-04-20 22:08:11

在命令行下执行：

matlab -help

可以得到帮助文件：

Usage:  matlab [-h|-help] | [-n | -e]
               [-arch | v=variant | v=arch/variant]
               [-c licensefile] [-display Xdisplay | -nodisplay]
               [-nosplash] [-mwvisual visualid] [-debug] [-softwareopengl]
               [-desktop | -nodesktop | -nojvm]
               [-r MATLAB_command] [-logfile log]
               [-Ddebugger [options]]

-h|-help             - Display arguments.
-n                   - Display final environment variables,
                       arguments, and other diagnostic
                       information. MATLAB is not run.
-e                   - Display ALL the environment variables and
                       their values to standard output. MATLAB
                       is not run. If the exit status is not
                       0 on return then the variables and values
                       may not be correct.
-arch                - Start MATLAB assuming architecture arch.
v=variant            - Start the version of MATLAB found
                       in bin/glnxa64/variant instead of bin/glnxa64.
v=arch/variant       - Start the version of MATLAB found
                       in bin/arch/variant instead of bin/glnxa64.
-c licensefile       - Set location of the license file that MATLAB
                       should use.  It can have the form port@host or
                       be a colon separated list of license files.
                       The LM_LICENSE_FILE and MLM_LICENSE_FILE
                       environment variables will be ignored.
-display Xdisplay    - Send X commands to X server display, Xdisplay.
-nodisplay           - Do not display any X commands. The MATLAB
                       desktop will not be started. However, unless
                       -nojvm is also provided the Java virtual machine
                       will be started.
-nosplash            - Do not display the splash screen during startup.
-mwvisual visualid   - The default X visual to use for figure windows.
-debug               - Provide debugging information especially for X
                       based problems.
-desktop             - Allow the MATLAB desktop to be started by a
                       process without a controlling terminal. This is
                       usually a required command line argument when
                       attempting to start MATLAB from a window manager
                       menu or desktop icon.
-nodesktop           - Do not start the MATLAB desktop. Use the current
                       terminal for commands. The Java virtual machine
                       will be started.
-singleCompThread    - Limit MATLAB to a single computational thread. 
                       By default, MATLAB makes use of the multithreading 
                       capabilities of the computer on which it is running.
-nojvm               - Shut off all Java support by not starting the
                       Java virtual machine. In particular the MATLAB
                       desktop will not be started.
-jdb [port]          - Enable remote Java debugging on port (default 4444)
-r MATLAB_command    - Start MATLAB and execute the MATLAB_command.
-logfile log         - Make a copy of any output to the command window
                       in file log. This includes all crash reports.
-Ddebugger [options] - Start debugger to debug MATLAB.
-nouserjavapath      - Ignore custom javaclasspath.txt and javalibrarypath.txt files.

可以看到与图形界面相关的几个参数是：nodisplay, nosplash, nodesktop, nojvm. 它们分别代表什么含义呢？

1. nodisplay      不显示任何X命令(X server是Linux下的图形引擎，参考：X Window System)。Matlab桌面环境不会启动，但是会启动Java virtual machine除非使用了nojvm参数；
2. nosplash　　 程序启动时不显示启动画面(版权页)；
3. nodesktop　 不启动桌面环境，在当前终端中执行命令，但是会启动JVM；
4. nojvm　　    关闭java支持，不启动JVM，特别的，desktop也不会启动。

因为Matlab的图形环境依赖JVM，如果不启动JVM，无法执行任何和图形界面相关的命令。若不执行任何X commands，则无法执行imshow()这些函数。所以，我们如果需要在命令行下执行matlab程序，最好只添加：nodesktop nosplash两个参数。

可以在文件.bashrc中添加：

alias mrun="matlab -nodesktop -nosplash -logfile `date +%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S`.log -r"

其中，logfile `date +%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S`.log 将log文件输出在了以程序执行时间为文件名的log文件下。r 参数表示运行matlab命令。