讲解HandlerExecutionChain之前,先大致了解下SpringMVC的核心开发步骤:
- 在web.xml中部署DispaterServlet,并配置springmvc.xml等文件;
- 将映射文件请求到处理器HandlerMapping;
- HandlerMapping会把请求映射为HandlerExecutionChain类型的handler对象;
- 将handler对象作为参数传递给HandlerAdapter的实例化对象,调用其handler方法会生成一个ModelAndView对象;
- 通过ViewResolver视图解析器,将上一步骤中生成的ModelAndView解析为View;
- DispatcherServlet根据获取到View,将视图返回给用户。
本文分为两个部分进行讲解,第一部分分析Handler, 第二部分分析Interceptor
(一) Handler
首先可以明确HandlerExecutionChain与HanderMapping关系非常紧密,HandlerExecutionChain只能通过HanderMapping接口中的唯一方法来获得,HanderMapping接口定义如下:
package org.springframework.web.servlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; public interface HandlerMapping { String PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".pathWithinHandlerMapping"; String BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".bestMatchingPattern"; String INTROSPECT_TYPE_LEVEL_MAPPING = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".introspectTypeLevelMapping"; String URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".uriTemplateVariables"; String MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".matrixVariables"; String PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".producibleMediaTypes"; //该方法是HandlerMapping接口中的唯一方法,此方法可以利用用户请求request中的信息来生成HandlerExecutionChain对象 HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception; }
HandlerMapping架构设计图如下:
可以看到HandlerMapping家族有两个分支,分别是AbstractUrlHandlerMapping和AbstractHandlerMethodMapping,它们又统一继承于AbstractHandlerMapping。
AbstractHandlerMapping是接口HandlerMapping的抽象实现,AbstractHandlerMapping抽象类中实现了部分方法提供给它的子类使用,它还覆了getHandler方法,源码如下:
@Override
public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
// AbstractUrlHandlerMapping和AbstractHandlerMethodMapping均对getHandlerInternal(request)进行了覆写
Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);//该方法在本类中有定义,是一个protected型的抽象方法,
//根据给定的request查找handler,如果没有找到handler,则返回一个null
//如果经过上步没有获取到handler实例,则通过本类中setDefaultHandler(Object defaultHandler)设置默认handler,然后使用getDefaultHandler获得。
if (handler == null) {
handler = getDefaultHandler();
}
if (handler == null) {
return null;
}
// Bean name or resolved handler?
if (handler instanceof String) {
String handlerName = (String) handler;
handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
}
return getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
}
上面的getHandlerInternal在AbstractUrlHandlerMapping和AbstractHandlerMethodMapping中均有实现:
AbstractUrlHandlerMapping中的getHandlerInternal方法会根据用户请求信息中的URL查找handler:
/** Look up a handler for the URL path of the given request. -- 通过匹配URL,将URL与handler联系起来 */ @Override protected Object getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { ... //略 }
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping中的getHandlerInternal方法则会根据用户request信息中提供的Method来查找handler:
/** Look up a handler method for the given request. -- 普遍用于@requestMaping,匹配内容将它的Method作为handler */ @Override protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { ... //略 }
回到上文中的getHandler方法,它最终返回了一个HandlerExecutionChain,getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request)方法属于 AbstractHandlerMapping 类的一个受保护类型方法,该方法定义如下:
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) { // 如果已经是HandlerExecutionChain,则直接使用,否则创建新的 HandlerExecutionChain chain = (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain ? (HandlerExecutionChain) handler : new HandlerExecutionChain(handler)); String lookupPath = this.urlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request); for (HandlerInterceptor interceptor : this.adaptedInterceptors) { if (interceptor instanceof MappedInterceptor) { MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor = (MappedInterceptor) interceptor; if (mappedInterceptor.matches(lookupPath, this.pathMatcher)) { //向chain中加入mappedInterceptor类型的拦截器 chain.addInterceptor(mappedInterceptor.getInterceptor()); } } else { // 向chain中共加入拦截器 chain.addInterceptor(interceptor); } } return chain; }
简而言之就是:当用户请求到到DispaterServlet中后,配置的HandlerMapping会根据用户请求(也就是handler)会将它与所有的interceptors封装为HandlerExecutionChain对象,HandlerExecutionChain的作用在源码注释部分简要解释如下:
Handler execution chain, consisting of handler object and any handler interceptors.
Returned by HandlerMapping's HandlerMapping.getHandler
method.
可知通过HandlerMapping实例对象的getHandler方法可以获得一个HandlerExecutionChain对象实例,该实例封装了一个handler处理对象和一些interceptors。HandlerExecutionChain类定义代码不长,其中所有的属性,方法如下:
(二) Interceptor 拦截器
HandlerExecutionChain中介绍到了拦截器,那这个拦截器是何方圣神?下文来简单介绍一下。
首先引入拦截器。
上文中指出了HandlerMapping继承了AbstractHandlerMapping,AbstractHandlerMapping又继承于WebApplicationObjectSupport,进而继承了ApplicationObjectSupport。
ApplicationObjectSupport实现了ApplicationContextAware接口,在Spring容器中如果该bean类实现了ApplicationContextAware,那么通过容器获取这个bean时,void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context)方法将被调用。
@Override protected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException { extendInterceptors(this.interceptors); //探测容器中所有拦截器 detectMappedInterceptors(this.mappedInterceptors); //初始配置这些拦截器 initInterceptors(); }
其中,initInterceptors()方法如下,主要作用是返回一个HandlerInterceptor对象,然后将这个对象放到 this.adaptedInterceptors 集合中(ps: adaptedInterceptors很重要哟)。
/** * Initialize the specified interceptors, checking for {@link MappedInterceptor}s and * adapting {@link HandlerInterceptor}s and {@link WebRequestInterceptor}s if necessary. * @see #setInterceptors * @see #adaptInterceptor */ protected void initInterceptors() { if (!this.interceptors.isEmpty()) { for (int i = 0; i < this.interceptors.size(); i++) { Object interceptor = this.interceptors.get(i); if (interceptor == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Entry number " + i + " in interceptors array is null"); } this.adaptedInterceptors.add(adaptInterceptor(interceptor)); } } }
至此,了解了拦截器来龙,那接下来说一下拦截器的去脉。
拦截器的总接口 HandlerInterceptor 定义如下:
public interface HandlerInterceptor { boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception; void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception; void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception; }
在spring-webmvc-4.3.1.RELEASE-sources.jar中,HandlerIntercetor共有13个实现类,如MappedInterceptor、webContentInterceptor、ThemeChangeInterceptor、HandlerIntercetorAdapter等,这里就不一一列出来了。
当客户端发送请求后,DispatcherServlet.doDispatch方法中会处理请求,下面贴出doDispatch(req, res)中与拦截器相关的代码:
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { ...(前面代码略) try { ModelAndView mv = null; Exception dispatchException = null; try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request); // Determine handler for the current request.//获取根据请求获取handler mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Determine handler adapter for the current request.//获取handler适配器 HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); ...(略) // 拦截器执行拦截,对客户端请求响应requset进行拦截 if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // 核心逻辑,处理handler,返回ModerAndView对象 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv); // 拦截器执行拦截,对客户端响应response进行拦截 mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { ...(后面代码略) } } }
这里以mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(req, res)为例,简要分析一下doDispatch中的处理请求前拦截逻辑:
boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { // 获取所有初始化的拦截器 HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors(); // 遍历拦截器 if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) { for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) { // 遍历执行每个拦截器中的preHandle方法(即对某一个handler,要遍历执行所有的拦截器preHandle方法) HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i]; if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) { // 最终调用interceptor.afterCompletion(req, res, handler, ex) triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null); return false; } this.interceptorIndex = i; } } return true; }
当然也可以自定义拦截器,只要实现HandlerInterceptor 接口中的preHandle、postHandle、afterCompletion方法就可以啦。
写在最后
其实看源码是最好的,也是最优效果的,本文只希望能在阅读源码的时候提供一点参考作用就够了。