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  • drf过滤排序分页异常处理

    一 过滤Filtering

    对于列表数据可能需要根据字段进行过滤,我们可以通过添加django-fitlter扩展来增强支持。

    pip install django-filter
    

    在配置文件中增加过滤后端的设置:

    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        ...
        'django_filters',  # 需要注册应用,
    ]
    
    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        ...
        'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',)
    }
    

    在视图中添加filter_fields属性,指定可以过滤的字段

    class StudentListView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer
        filter_fields = ('age', 'sex')
    
    # 127.0.0.1:8000/four/students/?sex=1
    

    或在视图类中配置

    from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
    
    class StudentListView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentSerializer
    
        filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend,]
        filter_fields = ('age', 'sex')
    

    五 排序

    对于列表数据,REST framework提供了OrderingFilter过滤器来帮助我们快速指明数据按照指定字段进行排序。

    使用方法:

    在类视图中设置filter_backends,使用rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter过滤器,REST framework会在请求的查询字符串参数中检查是否包含了ordering参数,如果包含了ordering参数,则按照ordering参数指明的排序字段对数据集进行排序。

    前端可以传递的ordering参数的可选字段值需要在ordering_fields中指明。

    示例:

    from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
    
    class StudentListView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
        
        filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]
        ordering_fields = ('id', 'age')
    
    # 127.0.0.1:8000/books/?ordering=-age
    # -id 表示针对id字段进行倒序排序
    # id  表示针对id字段进行升序排序
    

    如果需要在过滤以后再次进行排序,则需要两者结合!

    from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
    from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
    from students.models import Student
    from .serializers import StudentModelSerializer
    from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
    
    class Student3ListView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
        filter_fields = ('age', 'sex')
        # 因为局部配置会覆盖全局配置,所以需要重新把过滤组件核心类再次声明,
        # 否则过滤功能会失效
        filter_backends = [OrderingFilter,DjangoFilterBackend]
        ordering_fields = ('id', 'age')
    

    三 分页Pagination

    REST framework提供了分页的支持。

    我们可以在配置文件中设置全局的分页方式,如:

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS':  'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
        'PAGE_SIZE': 100  # 每页数目
    }
    

    也可通过自定义Pagination类,来为视图添加不同分页行为。在视图中通过pagination_clas属性来指明。

    class LargeResultsSetPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        page_size = 1000
        page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
        max_page_size = 10000
    class BookDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
        queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
        serializer_class = BookInfoSerializer
        pagination_class = LargeResultsSetPagination
    

    注意:如果在视图内关闭分页功能,只需在视图内设置

    pagination_class = None
    

    可选分页器

    1) PageNumberPagination

    前端访问网址形式:

    GET  http://127.0.0.1:8000/students/?page=4
    

    可以在子类中定义的属性:

    • page_size 每页数目
    • page_query_param 前端发送的页数关键字名,默认为"page"
    • page_size_query_param 前端发送的每页数目关键字名,默认为None
    • max_page_size 前端最多能设置的每页数量
    # 声明分页的配置类
    from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
    class StandardPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        # 默认每一页显示的数据量
        page_size = 2
        # 允许客户端通过get参数来控制每一页的数据量
        page_size_query_param = "size"
        max_page_size = 10
        # 自定义页码的参数名
        page_query_param = "p"
    
    class StudentAPIView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
        pagination_class = StandardPageNumberPagination
    
    # 127.0.0.1/four/students/?p=1&size=5
    
    # APIView
    from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
    # 一 基本使用:url=url=http://127.0.0.1:8000/pager/?page=2&size=3,size无效
    class  Pager(APIView):
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            # 获取所有数据
            ret=models.Book.objects.all()
            # 创建分页对象
            page=PageNumberPagination()
            # 在数据库中获取分页的数据
            page_list=page.paginate_queryset(ret,request,view=self)
            # 对分页进行序列化
            ser=BookSerializer1(instance=page_list,many=True)
            return Response(ser.data)
            
    # 二 自定制 url=http://127.0.0.1:8000/pager/?page=2&size=3
    # size=30,无效,最多5条
    class Mypage(PageNumberPagination):
        page_size = 2
        page_query_param = 'page'
        # 定制传参
        page_size_query_param = 'size'
        # 最大一页的数据
        max_page_size = 5
        
    class  Pager(APIView):
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            # 获取所有数据
            ret=models.Book.objects.all()
            # 创建分页对象
            page=Mypage()
            # 在数据库中获取分页的数据
            page_list=page.paginate_queryset(ret,request,view=self)
            # 对分页进行序列化
            ser=BookSerializer1(instance=page_list,many=True)
            # return Response(ser.data)
            # 这个也是返回Response对象,但是比基本的多了上一页,下一页,和总数据条数(了解即可)
            return page.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
    
    
    #ListAPIView
    
    # 声明分页的配置类
    from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
    class StandardPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        # 默认每一页显示的数据量
        page_size = 2
        # 允许客户端通过get参数来控制每一页的数据量
        page_size_query_param = "size"
        max_page_size = 10
        # 自定义页码的参数名
        page_query_param = "p"
    
    class StudentAPIView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
        pagination_class = StandardPageNumberPagination
    
    # 127.0.0.1/four/students/?p=1&size=5
    
    
    ## GenericAPIView
    from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
    class SelfPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        page_size = 3
        page_size_query_param = "size"
        max_page_size = 5
    
    class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
        book_qs = models.Book.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False)
        queryset = book_qs
        serializer_class = BookModelSerializer
    
        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            page_obj = SelfPagination()
            book_list = page_obj.paginate_queryset(self.book_qs, request, self)
            # next_url = page_obj.get_next_link()
            # pr_url = page_obj.get_previous_link()
            pk = kwargs.get('pk')
            if pk:
                ser = self.serializer_class(self.get_object())
            else:
                ser = self.serializer_class(book_list, many=True)
            return RespUtil(data=ser.data)
    

    2)LimitOffsetPagination

    前端访问网址形式:

    GET http://127.0.0.1/four/students/?limit=100&offset=400
    

    可以在子类中定义的属性:

    • default_limit 默认限制,默认值与PAGE_SIZE设置一直
    • limit_query_param limit参数名,默认'limit'
    • offset_query_param offset参数名,默认'offset'
    • max_limit 最大limit限制,默认None
    from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination
    class StandardLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
        # 默认每一页查询的数据量,类似上面的page_size
        default_limit = 2
        limit_query_param = "size"
        offset_query_param = "start"
    
    class StudentAPIView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
        # 调用页码分页类
        # pagination_class = StandardPageNumberPagination
        # 调用查询偏移分页类
        pagination_class = StandardLimitOffsetPagination
    
    # APIView
    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/pager/?offset=4&limit=3
    from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination
    # 也可以自定制,同简单分页
    class  Pager(APIView):
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            # 获取所有数据
            ret=models.Book.objects.all()
            # 创建分页对象
            page=LimitOffsetPagination()
            # 在数据库中获取分页的数据
            page_list=page.paginate_queryset(ret,request,view=self)
            # 对分页进行序列化
            ser=BookSerializer1(instance=page_list,many=True)
            # return page.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
            return Response(ser.data)
    
    
    #ListAPIView
    from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination
    class StandardLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
        # 默认每一页查询的数据量,类似上面的page_size
        default_limit = 2
        limit_query_param = "size"
        offset_query_param = "start"
    
    class StudentAPIView(ListAPIView):
        queryset = Student.objects.all()
        serializer_class = StudentModelSerializer
        # 调用页码分页类
        # pagination_class = StandardPageNumberPagination
        # 调用查询偏移分页类
        pagination_class = StandardLimitOffsetPagination
    

    3)CursorPagination

    前端访问网址形式:

    GET http://127.0.0.1/four/students/?cursor=cD0xNQ%3D%3D
    

    可以在子类中定义的属性:

    • cursor_query_param:默认查询字段,不需要修改
    • page_size:每页数目
    • ordering:按什么排序,需要指定
    #APIView
    from rest_framework.pagination import CursorPagination
    # 看源码,是通过sql查询,大于id和小于id
    class  Pager(APIView):
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            # 获取所有数据
            ret=models.Book.objects.all()
            # 创建分页对象
            page=CursorPagination()
            page.ordering='nid'
            # 在数据库中获取分页的数据
            page_list=page.paginate_queryset(ret,request,view=self)
            # 对分页进行序列化
            ser=BookSerializer1(instance=page_list,many=True)
            # 可以避免页码被猜到
            return page.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
    
    
    # ListAPIView
    class MyCursorPagination(CursorPagination):
        page_size=2
        ordering='-id'
    from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
    class AuthorListView(ListAPIView):
        serializer_class = serializers.AuthorModelSerializer
        queryset = models.Author.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
        pagination_class =MyCursorPagination
    
    from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination,CursorPagination
    class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        page_size = 2
        page_query_param = 'page'
        # 定制传参
        page_size_query_param = 'size'
        # 最大一页的数据
        max_page_size = 5
    
    class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
        default_limit = 2
        # 最大一页的数据
        max_limit = 5
    class MyCursorPagination(CursorPagination):
        page_size=2
        ordering='-id'
    from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
    class AuthorListView(ListAPIView):
        serializer_class = serializers.AuthorModelSerializer
        queryset = models.Author.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
        pagination_class =MyCursorPagination
    

    四 异常处理 Exceptions

    REST framework提供了异常处理,但返回的格式不符合我们要求,我们可以自定义异常处理函数。

    from rest_framework.views import exception_handler
    
    def custom_exception_handler(exc, context):
        # 先调用REST framework默认的异常处理方法获得标准错误响应对象
        response = exception_handler(exc, context)
    
        # 在此处补充自定义的异常处理
        if response is None:
            response.data['status_code'] = response.status_code
    
        return response
    

    在配置文件中声明自定义的异常处理

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'my_project.my_app.utils.custom_exception_handler'
    }
    

    如果未声明,会采用默认的方式,如下

    rest_frame/settings.py

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'rest_framework.views.exception_handler'
    }
    

    例如:

    补充上处理关于数据库的异常

    from rest_framework.views import exception_handler as drf_exception_handler
    from rest_framework import status
    from django.db import DatabaseError
    
    def exception_handler(exc, context):
        response = drf_exception_handler(exc, context)
    
        if response is None:
            view = context['view']
            if isinstance(exc, DatabaseError):
                print('[%s]: %s' % (view, exc))
                response = Response({'detail': '服务器内部错误'}, status=status.HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE)
    
        return response
    

    REST framework定义的异常

    • APIException 所有异常的父类
    • ParseError 解析错误
    • AuthenticationFailed 认证失败
    • NotAuthenticated 尚未认证
    • PermissionDenied 权限决绝
    • NotFound 未找到
    • MethodNotAllowed 请求方式不支持
    • NotAcceptable 要获取的数据格式不支持
    • Throttled 超过限流次数
    • ValidationError 校验失败

    也就是说,很多的没有在上面列出来的异常,就需要我们在自定义异常中自己处理了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenwenyin/p/13279236.html
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