手动制作docker镜像
手动制作openssh的docker镜像
- 启动一个容器， 安装服务
$ docker run -it -p 1022:22 centos:6.9
$ yum -y install openssh-server
$ /etc/init.d/sshd start
$ echo 123456|passwd --stdin root # 此时输入ssh root@ip 1022 可以远程容器
-
把刚才安装好服务的容器， 提交为镜像
docker commit
<镜像名>
$ docker commit 05b05cf43d2c centos6.9_ssh:v1
$ docker images centos6.9_ssh
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos6.9_ssh v1 85cb44e9a390 2 minutes ago 323MB
-
测试
/usr/sbin/sshd -D前台启动sshd服务， 会夯住
$ docker run -d -p 1322:22 centos6.9_ssh:v1 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
输入 ssh root@192.168.221.10 1222， 成功登陆
手动制作http和ssh的docker镜像, 并且自定制密码
- 启动一个容器， 安装服务
$ docker run -it -p 1422:22 -p 8888:80 --name http_server centos6.9_ssh:v1
$ yum -y install openssh-server
$ /etc/init.d/sshd start
$ yum -y install httpd
$ /etc/init.d/httpd start
- 使用linux进行测试ssh
$ ssh root@192.168.221.10 -p 1422
- 使用linux测试http服务
$ curl -I 192.168.221.10:8888
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2019 12:27:28 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 4961
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
-
把刚才安装好服务的容器， 提交为镜像
docker commit
<镜像名>
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e84010fa4dbb centos6.9_ssh:v1 "/bin/bash" 43 hours ago Up 19 minutes 0.0.0.0:1422->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp http_server
$ docker commit e84010fa4dbb http_server_images
sha256:9fce8392068370a0c16c70f389b18340778bb3721bf3469daf922c2982d9cace
$ docker images http_server_images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
http_server_images latest 9fce83920683 46 seconds ago 413MB
- 编写脚本
$ vim init.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo $SSH_PWD|passwd --stdin root
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/usr/sbin/sshd -D
$ chmod +x init.sh
- 提交为镜像
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e84010fa4dbb centos6.9_ssh:v1 "/bin/bash" 44 hours ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:1422->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp http_server
$ docker commit e84010fa4dbb http_server_images:v5
- 启动并新建容器
$ docker run -d --env "SSH_PWD=123" -p 4022:22 -p 90:80 --name http_server_v5 http_server_images:v5 /init.sh
dockerfile自动构建docker
dockerfile主要组成部分
-
基础镜像信息
FROM: centos:6.9
-
制作镜像操作指令
RUN yum install openssh-server -y
-
容器启动时执行命令
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
dockerfile常用指令
-
FROM
指定基础镜像
-
MAINTAINER
指定维护者信息， 可以没有
-
LABEL
写一些镜像的提示信息
-
RUN
在命令前加上RUN
-
ADD
COPY文件， 会自动解压
-
COPY
复制文件
-
ENV
环境变量
-
ENTRYPOINT
容器启动后执行的命令（无法被替换， 启动容器的时候指定的命令， 会被当成参数）
-
WORKDIR
设置当前工作目录
-
VOLUME
设置卷， 挂载主机目录
-
EXPOSE
指定对外的端口（-P 随机端口）
-
CMD
指定容器启动后要干的事情
创建一个简单的dockerfile
- 创建文件
$ mkdir -p /opt/dockerfile/centos6.9_ssh
$ vim /opt/dockerfile/centos6.9_ssh/dockerfile
FROM centos:6.9
RUN yum -y install openssh-server
RUN /etc/init.d/sshd start && echo 123456 |passwd --stdin root
CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D"]
- 构建镜像
$ docker image build -t centos6.9_ssh:v2 /opt/dockerfile/centos6.9_ssh/
- 查看镜像
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos6.9_ssh v2 523057254626 About a minute ago 323MB
centos6.9_ssh v1 85cb44e9a390 45 hours ago 323MB
- 查看构建镜像的流程
$ docker image history centos6.9_ssh:v2
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
523057254626 2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd" "-D… 0B
297dfb187996 2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c /etc/init.d/sshd start && echo 12… 5.45kB
76120e8ba1c7 11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install openssh-server 128MB
2199b8eb8390 8 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
<missing> 8 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL name=CentOS Base Im… 0B
<missing> 8 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:0e6d175401c5b4260… 195MB
- 新建并启动容器
$ docker run -d -p 1022:22 centos6.9_ssh:v2
- 测试
$ ssh root@192.168.221.10 -p 1022
创建一个支持sshd和httpd双服务的镜像
- 创建文件和脚本
$ vim /opt/dockerfile/centos6.9_ssh_httpd/dockerfile
FROM centos:6.9
RUN yum -y install openssh-server
RUN /etc/init.d/sshd start
RUN echo 123456 |passwd --stdin root
RUN yum -y install httpd
EXPOSE 80 22
ADD init.sh /init.sh
CMD ["/bin/bash", "/init.sh"]
$ vim /opt/dockerfile/centos6.9_ssh_httpd/init.sh
#!/bin/bash
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/usr/sbin/sshd -D
- 构建镜像
$ docker build -t centos_ssh_httpd:v1 /opt/dockerfile/centos6.9_ssh_httpd/
- 基于镜像创建并启动容器
$ docker run -d -p 1122:22 -p 88:80 --name ssh_http_server centos_ssh_httpd:v1
$ docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbca28761e60 centos_ssh_httpd:v1 "/bin/bash /init.sh" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:1122->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp ssh_http_server
- 容器内测试
$ ssh root@docker01 -p 1122
$ /etc/init.d/httpd status
httpd (pid 14) is running...
$ /etc/init.d/sshd status
openssh-daemon (pid 19) is running...
- 宿主机测试
$ curl -I docker01:88
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2019 18:10:48 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 4961
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
写一个http网页， 使用dockerfile部署镜像
- 清空容器
$ docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`
- 创建文件和脚本
$ mkdir /opt/dockerfile/php
$ cd /opt/dockerfile/php/
$ vim dockerfile
FROM centos:6.9
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo &&
yum -y install php php-cli openssh-server
WORKDIR /var/www/html
RUN echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' > index.php
ADD init.sh /init.sh
EXPOSE 80 22
CMD ["/bin/bash", "/init.sh"]
$ vim init.sh
#!/bin/bash
service httpd start
/usr/sbin/sshd -D
- 构建镜像
$ docker build -t php:v3 /opt/dockerfile/php/
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
php v3 23ad7e7c60ef 2 minutes ago 339MB
php v2 5d91294e82d0 7 minutes ago 339MB
php v1 9bc9b381e2e0 5 hours ago 339MB
- 基于镜像创建并启动容器
$ docker run -d -P --name php_v3 php:v3
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
18f48fb9863c php:v3 "/bin/bash /init.sh" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:32775->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32774->80/tcp php_v3
- 测试
启动容器时候手动执行的命令不生效
$ vim dockerfile
FROM centos:6.9
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo &&
yum -y install php php-cli openssh-server
WORKDIR /var/www/html
RUN echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' > index.php
ADD init.sh /init.sh
EXPOSE 80 22
# CMD ["/bin/bash", "/init.sh"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "/init.sh"]
$ vim init.sh
#!/bin/bash
service httpd start
/usr/sbin/sshd -D
$ docker build -t php:v4 /opt/dockerfile/php/
$ docker run -d -P php:v4 /bin/bash
$ docker ps -l --no-trunc
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
060e96e713c5c0c9a236e1b57c5cba6776bb8a64096d00b5c3196107af35b3be php:v4 "/bin/bash /init.sh /bin/bash" 27 seconds ago Up 26 seconds 0.0.0.0:32777->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32776->80/tcp vigorous_blackwell
- 如果使用CMD来执行命令， 则启动容器时候指定命令， CMD里面的命令会被替换
$ docker run -d -P --name php_by_CMD php:v3 /bin/bash
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
136a891f58dc php:v3 "/bin/bash" 33 seconds ago Exited (0) 32 seconds ago php_by_CMD
启动容器指定密码， 如果不指定用默认密码登录
$ vim dockerfile
FROM centos:6.9
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo &&
yum -y install php php-cli openssh-server
WORKDIR /var/www/html
RUN /etc/init.d/sshd start
ENV SSH_PWD=123
RUN echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' > index.php
ADD init.sh /init.sh
EXPOSE 80 22
# CMD ["/bin/bash", "/init.sh"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "/init.sh"]
$ vim init.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo $SSH_PWD |passwd --stdin root
service httpd start
/usr/sbin/sshd -D
- 构建镜像
$ docker build -t php:v6 /opt/dockerfile/php/
- 新建并启动容器
$ docker run -d -P --name php_default3 --env "SSH_PWD=weixinyu" php:v6
$ docker run -d -P --env "SSH_PWD=weixinyu" --name php_by_def php:v6
- 测试
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
988ac431195c php:v6 "/bin/bash /init.sh" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:32777->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32776->80/tcp php_by_def
da9d59e81afa php:v6 "/bin/bash /init.sh" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 0.0.0.0:32775->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32774->80/tcp php_default3
$ hostname -i
192.168.221.10
$ ssh root@192.168.221.10 -p 32776
$ ssh root@192.168.221.10 -p 32774
docker镜像的分层
docker组件之间的关系
