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  • MySQL5.6:基于GTID的主从复制

    一、GTID简介

    MySQL 5.6 的新特性之一,是加入了全局事务 ID (GTID) 来强化数据库的主备一致性,故障恢复,以及容错能力。

    什么是GTID?

    官方文档:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication-gtids.html在这篇文档里,我们可以知道全局事务 ID 的官方定义是:GTID = source_id:transaction_id

    MySQL 5.6 中,每一个 GTID 代表一个数据库事务。在上面的定义中,source_id 表示执行事务的主库 uuid(server_uuid),transaction_id 是一个从 1 开始的自增计数,表示在这个主库上执行的第 n 个事务。MySQL 会保证事务与 GTID 之间的 1 : 1 映射。

    二、环境准备

    操作系统:CentOS6.5 64位

    数据库版本:MySQL5.6.23

    拓扑如下:

    三、安装主数据库(masterdb.example.com)

    1、准备数据存放目录、创建用户

    1 1 [root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqldata -p   #创建数据存放目录
    2 2 [root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqlLog/logs -p  #创建日志存放目录
    3 3 [root@masterdb ~]#groupadd -r mysql
    4 4 [root@masterdb ~]#useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mysqldata mysql
    5 5 [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata
    6 6 [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqlLog/logs

     2、安装并初始化mysql5.6.23

     1 [root@masterdb ~]# tar xf mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
     2 [root@masterdb ~]# cd /usr/local/
     3 [root@masterdb ~]# ln -sv mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
     4 [root@masterdb ~]# chown -R root.mysql mysql
     5 [root@masterdb ~]# cd mysql
     6 [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
     7 [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
     8 [root@masterdb ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
     9 [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
    10 [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
    11 [root@masterdb ~]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/

    3、输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径:

    编辑/etc/man.config,添加如下行即可:
    MANPATH  /usr/local/mysql/man

    4、输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include:

    这可以通过简单的创建链接实现:

    1 [root@masterdb ~]#ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

    5、输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径:

    1 [root@masterdb ~]#echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

    而后让系统重新载入系统库:

    1 [root@masterdb ~]# ldconfig

    6、修改PATH环境变量,让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令:

    1 [root@masterdb ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
    2 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
    3 [root@masterdb ~]#source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

    从数据库安装同上,具体过程略过。

    四、分别为主从数据库提供配置文件/etc/my.cnf

    要在MySQL 5.6中使用复制功能,其服务配置段[mysqld]中于少应该定义如下选项:
    binlog-format:二进制日志的格式,有row、statement和mixed几种类型;
        需要注意的是:当设置隔离级别为READ-COMMITED必须设置二进制日志格式为ROW,现在MySQL官方认为STATEMENT这个已经不再适合继续使用;但mixed类型在默认的事务隔离级别下,可能会导致主从数据不一致;
    log-slave-updates、gtid-mode、enforce-gtid-consistency、report-port和report-host:用于启动GTID及满足附属的其它需求;
    master-info-repository和relay-log-info-repository:启用此两项,可用于实现在崩溃时保证二进制及从服务器安全的功能;
    sync-master-info:启用之可确保无信息丢失;
    slave-paralles-workers:设定从服务器的SQL线程数;0表示关闭多线程复制功能;
    binlog-checksum、master-verify-checksum和slave-sql-verify-checksum:启用复制有关的所有校验功能;
    binlog-rows-query-log-events:启用之可用于在二进制日志记录事件相关的信息,可降低故障排除的复杂度;
    log-bin:启用二进制日志,这是保证复制功能的基本前提;
    server-id:同一个复制拓扑中的所有服务器的id号必须惟一;

    主数据库上:

     1 [client]
     2 port = 3306
     3 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
     4 default-character-set = utf8
     5 [mysql]
     6 no-auto-rehash
     7 default-character-set = utf8
     8 
     9 [mysqld]
    10 server-id = 1
    11 port = 3306
    12 user = mysql
    13 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    14 datadir = /data/mysqldata
    15 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    16 default-storage-engine = INNODB
    17 character-set-server = utf8
    18 connect_timeout = 60
    19 interactive_timeout = 28800
    20 wait_timeout = 28800
    21 back_log = 500
    22 event_scheduler = ON
    23 skip_name_resolve = ON;
    24 
    25 ###########binlog##########
    26 log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin
    27 binlog_format = row
    28 max_binlog_size = 128M
    29 binlog_cache_size = 2M
    30 expire-logs-days = 5
    31 log-slave-updates=true
    32 gtid-mode=on
    33 enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    34 master-info-repository=TABLE
    35 relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
    36 sync-master-info=1
    37 slave-parallel-workers=4
    38 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
    39 
    40 slow_query_log = 1
    41 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow
    42 long_query_time = 1
    43 
    44 log_error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log
    45 max_connections = 3000
    46 max_connect_errors = 32767
    47 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
    48 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

    从数据库上:

     1 [client]
     2 port = 3306
     3 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
     4 default-character-set = utf8
     5 
     6 [mysql]
     7 no-auto-rehash
     8 default-character-set = utf8
     9 
    10 [mysqld]
    11 server-id = 205
    12 port = 3306
    13 user = mysql
    14 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    15 datadir = /data/mysqldata
    16 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    17 default-storage-engine = INNODB
    18 character-set-server = utf8
    19 connect_timeout = 60
    20 wait_timeout = 18000
    21 back_log = 500
    22 event_scheduler = ON
    23 
    24 ###########binlog##########
    25 log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin
    26 binlog_format = row
    27 max_binlog_size = 128M
    28 binlog_cache_size = 2M
    29 expire-logs-days = 5
    30 log-slave-updates=true
    31 gtid-mode=on 
    32 enforce-gtid-consistency=true
    33 master-info-repository=TABLE
    34 relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
    35 sync-master-info=1
    36 slave-parallel-workers=4
    37 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
    38 skip-slave-start
    39 
    40 slow_query_log = 1
    41 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow
    42 long_query_time = 2
    43 
    44 log-error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log
    45 max_connections = 3000
    46 max_connect_errors = 10000
    47 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
    48 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

    五、分别在主从数据库上启动mysqld服务

    1 [root@masterdb ~]# service mysqld start
    2 Starting MySQL......                                       [  OK  ]
    3 [root@masterdb ~]# 
    1 [root@slavedb ~]# service mysqld start
    2 Starting MySQL......                                       [  OK  ]
    3 [root@slavedb ~]# 

    六、在主数据库上创建复制用户

    1 mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repluser@172.16.88.205 IDENTIFIED BY 'replpassword';

    说明:172.16.88.205是从节点服务器;如果想一次性授权更多的节点,可以自行根据需要修改;

    七、启动从数据库上的复制线程

    mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='masterdb.example.com', MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='replpassword', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
    mysql>start slave;

    八、在从数据库上查看复制状态:

    mysql> show slave statusG;
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                      Master_Host: masterdb.56xyl.com
                      Master_User: repluser
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191
                   Relay_Log_File: slavedb-relay-bin.000003
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 401
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes   #IO线程已正常运行
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes   #SQL线程已正常运行
                  Replicate_Do_DB: 
              Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
               Replicate_Do_Table: 
           Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
          Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                       Last_Errno: 0
                       Last_Error: 
                     Skip_Counter: 0
              Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191
                  Relay_Log_Space: 1899
                  Until_Condition: None
                   Until_Log_File: 
                    Until_Log_Pos: 0
               Master_SSL_Allowed: No
               Master_SSL_CA_File: 
               Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
                  Master_SSL_Cert: 
                Master_SSL_Cipher: 
                   Master_SSL_Key: 
            Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
    Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                    Last_IO_Errno: 0
                    Last_IO_Error: 
                   Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                   Last_SQL_Error: 
      Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
                 Master_Server_Id: 1
                      Master_UUID: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5
                 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                        SQL_Delay: 0
              SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
          Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
               Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                      Master_Bind: 
          Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
         Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
                   Master_SSL_Crl: 
               Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
               Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6
                Executed_Gtid_Set: 89e78301-c3f4-11e5-8b51-00505624d26a:1-3,
    971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6
                    Auto_Position: 1
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    ERROR: 
    No query specified
    
    mysql> 

    九、测试

    在主库上创建数据库:

    1 mysql> create database log_statics;
    2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)
    3 
    4 mysql> use log_statics;
    5 Database changed

    到从数据库上查看log_statics是否已经复制过去

     1 mysql> show databases;
     2 +--------------------+
     3 | Database           |
     4 +--------------------+
     5 | information_schema |
     6 | log_statics        |
     7 | mysql              |
     8 | performance_schema |
     9 +--------------------+
    10 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    11 
    12 mysql>

    可以看到log_statics数据库已经存在于从数据库上。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/darren-lee/p/5160802.html
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