ArrayList 是一个动态数组,线程不安全 ,允许元素为null。
ArrayList的数据结构是数组,查询比较方便。
ArrayList类的接口
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{
RandomAccess:RandmoAccess是一个标记接口,用于被List相关类实现。他主要的作用表明这个相关类支持快速随机访问。在ArrayList中,我们即可以通过元素的序号快速获取元素对象——这就是快速随机访问。除了List的“快速随机访问”,还可以“通过Iterator迭代器访问”。
Cloneable:实现该接口的类可以对该类的实例进行克隆(按字段进行复制)。
Serializable:ArrayList支持序列化,能通过序列化去传输。
构造方法
ArrayList(),初始化的时候,先分配一个空数组。添加一个元素时,容量就会扩展到DEFAULT_CAPACITY,也就是10。
/** * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. */ public ArrayList() { this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } /** * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when * first element is added. */ private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; /** * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added. * * 初始化的时候,分配一个空数组。添加一个元素时,容量就会扩展到DEFAULT_CAPACITY,也就是10。 * 关键字transient表示属性不会被序列化。 */ transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access /** * Default initial capacity.
* 默认容量为10 */ private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
往ArrayList中添加数据的方法add() 如下:
/** * Appends the specified element to the end of this list. * * @param e element to be appended to this list * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) */ public boolean add(E e) {
// 扩容 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; }
扩容时,ensureCapacityInternal()方法内部调用的是grow()方法。
数组扩容。如果插入数据时容量不够,就将容量扩大为1.5倍。
扩容的过程就是数组拷贝 Arrays.copyOf的过程,每一次扩容就会开辟一块新的内存空间和数据的复制移动
grow()方法 如下所示:
/** * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument. * * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity */ private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
// 左移一位表示原来的0.5倍,以下是将容量扩大为1.5倍 int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity; if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
// 复制数组 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); }
get(int index)方法很简单,就是检查一下小心数组越界,然后根据下标返回数组元素
/** * Returns the element at the specified position in this list. * * @param index index of the element to return * @return the element at the specified position in this list * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} */ public E get(int index) { rangeCheck(index); return elementData(index); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E elementData(int index) { return (E) elementData[index]; }
参考博客 :