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  • React , TypeScript, CSS Module , Less , Antd 遇到的坑

    序 

    因为React 本身的脚手架自身在webpack中已经做了对CSS Module 的配置,因最近遇到了很多坑,所以从头整理了一遍

    使用版本

    "react": "^16.13.1",
    "antd": "^4.4.0",
    "typescript": "~3.7.2",
    "webpack": "4.42.0",
    "less": "^3.11.3",
    "less-loader": "5.0.0",
    

      

    一. 安装和初始化---React and TypeScript

    请确保电脑上已经安装了最新版的 yarn 或者 npm

    使用 yarn 创建 cra-template-typescript 项目。

    $ yarn create react-app antd-demo-ts --template typescript
    

    如果你使用的是 npm(接下来我们都会用 yarn 作为例子,如果你习惯用 npm 也没问题)。

    $ npx create-react-app antd-demo-ts --typescript
    

      

    然后我们进入项目并启动。

    $ cd antd-demo-ts
    $ yarn start
    

    二. CSS Module的使用

    1.在src目录下新建 css/index.module.css 文件

    .red{
      color: red;
    }
    

    2. 打开APP.tsx 文件新增以下代码  

    import React from 'react';
    import styles from './css/index.module.css'
    
    function App() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <header className="App-header">
            <img src={logo} className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
            
            <div className={styles.red}>哈哈啊哈</div>
            
          </header>
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;
    

    3. 你会发现style代码可以通过Js方式来使用,棒棒的

    4. 因为React脚手架自身支持.css, .Scss, .Sass 文件做了配置,所以如果有用scss的小伙伴可以直接使用scss,如想使用less,可查看后面

    5. 在src目录下新建 css/index.module.scss 文件,App.tsx 中引用,发现报错以下,提示需要安装Sass文件

    /src/css/index.module.scss (./node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js??ref--6-oneOf-6-1!./node_modules/postcss-loader/src??postcss!./node_modules/resolve-url-loader??ref--6-oneOf-6-3!./node_modules/sass-loader/dist/cjs.js??ref--6-oneOf-6-4!./src/css/index.module.scss)
    To import Sass files, you first need to install node-sass.
    Run `npm install node-sass` or `yarn add node-sass` inside your workspace.
    Require stack:
    

    5. 安装Sass和node-sass

    `npm install node-sass` or `yarn add node-sass`
    

      

    三. Less的使用----打开隐藏的webpack配置文件

    1. 查看webpack内部配置

    npm run eject
    

      

    2. 如果发现报错以下信息,表示你需要上传到git上面后再进行eject操作

    This git repository has untracked files or uncommitted changes:
    
    .CFUserTextEncoding
    .DS_Store
    .ShadowsocksX-NG/
    .ShadowsocksX/
    .Trash/
    .android/
    .ant-devtool.json
    .anyproxy/
    .bash_history
    .bash_profile
    .bash_sessions/
    .cocoapods/
    .config/
    .fancy/
    .gitconfig
    .kaitian/
    .lesshst
    .local/
    .mysql_history
    .node-gyp/
    .npm/
    .npminstall_tarball/
    .nvm/
    .putty/
    .rncache/
    .sh_history
    .ssh/
    .taro/
    .taro2/
    .v8flags.7.0.276.38-node.19.e8d369a76bd6a0858b87990e6b1a3cfd.json
    .viminfo
    .vscode-react-native/
    .vscode/
    .vue-cli-ui/
    .vuerc
    .vuxrc/
    .wallaby/
    .yarnrc
    Applications/
    Desktop/
    Documents/
    Downloads/
    Library/
    Logs/
    Movies/
    Music/
    Pictures/
    Public/
    UI/
    WeChatProjects/
    gulpfile.js
    "iCloud 344272221347233230357274210345275222346241243357274211/"
    image/
    mysql/
    workSpace/
    "344277241346201257350265204346226231/"
    "345216237345236213/"
    "351241271347233256346226207344273266/"
    
    Remove untracked files, stash or commit any changes, and try again.
    npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
    npm ERR! errno 1
    npm ERR! react-demo@0.1.0 eject: `react-scripts eject`
    npm ERR! Exit status 1
    npm ERR!
    npm ERR! Failed at the react-demo@0.1.0 eject script.
    npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.
    
    npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
    

      

    3. 在webpack中可以看到,webpack中已经配置了 CSS, SCSS, SASS 的Module,后续无需自己配置,

    4. 如果你想使用Less还需要自己去配置,以下是Less的操作步骤

    四. 安装 Less 和 Less-loader

    使用 yarn

    $ yarn add less less-loader

    或者使用 npm 

    $ cnpm i less less-loader
    

      

    五. webpack中配置Less

    1. 在第二步的时候我们已经打开了config中webpack的配置,打开 config 文件夹,修改 webpack.config.js

    2. 搜索 cssRegex ,找到后添加两行代码

    const cssRegex = /.css$/;
    const cssModuleRegex = /.module.css$/;
    const sassRegex = /.(scss|sass)$/;
    const sassModuleRegex = /.module.(scss|sass)$/;
    const lessRegex = /.less$/;
    const lessModuleRegex = /.module.less$/;
    

    3.修改 getStyleLoaders 函数,添加代码

    // common function to get style loaders
      const getStyleLoaders = (cssOptions, lessOptions, preProcessor) => {
        const loaders = [
          isEnvDevelopment && require.resolve('style-loader'),
          isEnvProduction && {
            loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
            options: shouldUseRelativeAssetPaths ? { publicPath: '../../' } : {},
          },
          {
            loader: require.resolve('css-loader'),
            options: cssOptions,
          },
          {
            loader: require.resolve('less-loader'),
            options: lessOptions,
          },
          {
            // Options for PostCSS as we reference these options twice
            // Adds vendor prefixing based on your specified browser support in
            // package.json
            loader: require.resolve('postcss-loader'),
    

    4. 搜索 cssRegex ,在 css 配置下添加 less 配置  

    {
                  test: cssRegex,
                  exclude: cssModuleRegex,
                  use: getStyleLoaders({
                    importLoaders: 1,
                    sourceMap: isEnvProduction && shouldUseSourceMap,
                  }),
                  // Don't consider CSS imports dead code even if the
                  // containing package claims to have no side effects.
                  // Remove this when webpack adds a warning or an error for this.
                  // See https://github.com/webpack/webpack/issues/6571
                  sideEffects: true,
                },
                // Adds support for CSS Modules (https://github.com/css-modules/css-modules)
                // using the extension .module.css
                {
                  test: cssModuleRegex,
                  use: getStyleLoaders({
                    importLoaders: 1,
                    sourceMap: isEnvProduction && shouldUseSourceMap,
                    modules: true,
                    getLocalIdent: getCSSModuleLocalIdent,
                  }),
                },
                {
                  test: lessRegex,
                  exclude: lessModuleRegex,
                  use: getStyleLoaders(
                    {
                      importLoaders: 1,
                      sourceMap: isEnvProduction
                        ? shouldUseSourceMap
                        : isEnvDevelopment,
                    },
                    'less-loader'
                  ),
                  sideEffects: true,
                },
                {
                  test: lessModuleRegex,
                  use: getStyleLoaders(
                    {
                      importLoaders: 1,
                      sourceMap: isEnvProduction
                        ? shouldUseSourceMap
                        : isEnvDevelopment,
                      modules:{
    getLocalIdent: getCSSModuleLocalIdent,
               },
                    },
                    'less-loader'
                  ),
                },
    

    5. 保存后,重新启动项目

    6. 在src目录下新建 css/index.module.less 文件

    .red{
      color: yellow;
    }
    

    7. App.tsx 修改

    import React from 'react';
    import logo from './logo.svg';
    import styles from './css/index.module.less'
    
    function App() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <header className="App-header">
            <img src={logo} className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
            
            <div className={styles.red}>哈哈啊哈</div>
            
          </header>
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;

    8.  提示:index.module.less 找不到模块

    解决:修改 src/react-app-env.d.ts 文件,新增一下代码,到底部

    declare module '*.module.less' {
      const classes: { readonly [key: string]: string };
      export default classes;
    }
    

      

    9. 坑又来了, 提示使用less-loader与API模式不匹配的options对象初始化的Loader更少。 

    ValidationError: Invalid options object. Less Loader has been initialized using an options object that does not match the API schema.
     - options has an unknown property 'less-loader'. These properties are valid:
       object { lessOptions?, prependData?, appendData?, sourceMap?, implementation? }
    

      

    10. 查看以下package.json文件, 目前less 3.11版本与less-loader 6.1版本不匹配,需要将less-loader降到5.0版本才可以

    "less": "^3.11.3",
    "less-loader": "^6.1.3",
    

      

    11. less-loader 降版本

    // 删除less-loader
    yarn remove less-loader
    // 安装5.0版本
    yarn add less-loader@5.0.0

      

    12. 发现Less成功使用。

    六. 引入Antd

    1. 安装antd

    $ yarn add antd
    

    2. App.tsx 使用

    import React from 'react';
    import logo from './logo.svg';
    import './App.css';
    import styles from './css/index.module.less'
    import { Button } from 'antd';
    
    function App() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <header className="App-header">
            <img src={logo} className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
            <p>
              Edit <code>src/App.tsx</code> and save to reload.
            </p>
            <div className={styles.red}>哈哈哈哈哈</div>
            <Button type="primary">Button</Button>
          </header>
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;
    

    3.修改 src/App.css,在文件顶部引入 antd 的样式。

    @import '~antd/dist/antd.css';
    

        

    4. 查看浏览器,发现使用antd组件,报错了

    index.js:1 Warning: findDOMNode is deprecated in StrictMode. findDOMNode was passed an instance of Wave which is inside StrictMode. Instead, add a ref directly to the element you want to reference. Learn more about using refs safely here: https://fb.me/react-strict-mode-find-node
        in button (created by Button)
        in Wave (created by Button)
        in Button (at App.tsx:17)
        in header (at App.tsx:11)
        in div (at App.tsx:10)
        in App (at src/index.tsx:9)
        in StrictMode (at src/index.tsx:8)
    

      

    5. 原来是把严格模式加入了版本改动中,详细信息可查看下面

    6. 找到index.tsx 默认是严格模式,删除<React.StrictMode>标签,关闭严格模式,警告消除了

    七. antd按需加载

    第一种方法按需加载antd react-app-rewired

    1. 此时我们需要对 create-react-app 的默认配置进行自定义,这里我们使用 react-app-rewired (一个对 create-react-app 进行自定义配置的社区解决方案)。

    引入 react-app-rewired 并修改 package.json 里的启动配置。由于新的 react-app-rewired@2.x 版本的关系,你还需要安装 customize-cra

    `cnpm i react-app-rewired customize-cra` or `yarn add react-app-rewired customize-cra`
    

      

    2. packjson.js代码:

    "scripts": {
        "start": "react-app-rewired start",
        "build": "react-app-rewired build",
        "test": "react-app-rewired test",
      },
    

    3. 坑又来了,原因是没有找到 react-scripts

    Error: Cannot find module 'react-scripts/package.json'
    Require stack:
    

      

    4. 安装 react-scripts

    `cnpm i react-scripts` or `yarn add react-scripts` 
    

      

    5. 重启,又报错了,原因是我们需要新建一个 config-overrides文件配置antd的设置

    Cannot find module '/Users/****/workSpace/antd-demo-ts/config-overrides'
    

      

    6.在项目根目录创建一个 config-overrides.js 用于修改默认配置。

    const { override, fixBabelImports, addLessLoader } = require('customize-cra');
    module.exports = override(
        fixBabelImports('import', {
            libraryName: 'antd',
            libraryDirectory: 'es',
            style: true,
        }),
        addLessLoader({
            javascriptEnabled: true,
            modifyVars: { '@primary-color': 'red' },
        }),
    );
    

      

    7. 又报错了,原因是没有找到 babel-plugin-import 模版

    Error: Cannot find module 'babel-plugin-import' from '/Users/***/workSpace/antd-demo-ts'
        at Array.map (<anonymous>)
    

      

    8. 安装 babel-plugin-import

    `cnpm -s install babel-plugin-import` or `yarn add babel-plugin-import`
    

      

    9. 重启,第一种方法成功

    10. 没有生效?

    注意样式必须加载 less 格式,一个常见的问题就是引入了多份样式,less 的样式被 css 的样式覆盖了。

    • 如果你在使用 babel-plugin-import 的 style 配置来引入样式,需要将配置值从 'css' 改为 true,这样会引入 less 文件。

    • 如果你是通过 'antd/dist/antd.css' 引入样式的,改为 antd/dist/antd.less

    第二种方法 antd 按需加载

    请将第一种方式忽略

    1. 首先确认以下,是否完成了上面的第三步骤,webpack隐藏文件的显示

    2. 查看 pageson.js 种是否已安装 babel-plugin-import,如没有安装请安装

    `cnpm -s install babel-plugin-import` or `yarn add babel-plugin-import`
    

    3. 需先完成 第四步,第五步

    4. 修改webpack里面找到babel-loader,因为babel-plugin-import是通过babel的添加一下蓝色代码:

              oneOf: [
                // "url" loader works like "file" loader except that it embeds assets
                // smaller than specified limit in bytes as data URLs to avoid requests.
                // A missing `test` is equivalent to a match.
                {
                  test: [/.bmp$/, /.gif$/, /.jpe?g$/, /.png$/],
                  loader: require.resolve('url-loader'),
                  options: {
                    limit: imageInlineSizeLimit,
                    name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
                  },
                },
                // Process application JS with Babel.
                // The preset includes JSX, Flow, TypeScript, and some ESnext features.
                {
                  test: /.(js|mjs|jsx|ts|tsx)$/,
                  include: paths.appSrc,
                  loader: require.resolve('babel-loader'),
                  options: {
                    customize: require.resolve(
                      'babel-preset-react-app/webpack-overrides'
                    ),
    
                    plugins: [
                      [
                        require.resolve('babel-plugin-named-asset-import'),
                        {
                          loaderMap: {
                            svg: {
                              ReactComponent:
                                '@svgr/webpack?-svgo,+titleProp,+ref![path]',
                            },
                          },
                        },
                      ],
                      [
                        require.resolve('babel-plugin-import'),// 导入 import 插件
                        {
                          libraryName: 'antd',   //暴露antd
                          style: 'css'
                        }
                      ],
                    ],
                    // This is a feature of `babel-loader` for webpack (not Babel itself).
                    // It enables caching results in ./node_modules/.cache/babel-loader/
                    // directory for faster rebuilds.
                    cacheDirectory: true,
                    // See #6846 for context on why cacheCompression is disabled
                    cacheCompression: false,
                    compact: isEnvProduction,
                  },
                },
    

      

     4. 主题配置

    如果要更改antd主题颜色的话,下面这个style属性值就不能是"css"了。必须改成true,原因是因为值是css时按需加载时加载的就是antd编译后之后的css文件,要更改主题颜色是要更改less变量的,而true标识直接加载antd的less文件

                    plugins: [
                      [
                        require.resolve('babel-plugin-named-asset-import'),
                        {
                          loaderMap: {
                            svg: {
                              ReactComponent:
                                '@svgr/webpack?-svgo,+titleProp,+ref![path]',
                            },
                          },
                        },
                      ],
                      [
                        require.resolve('babel-plugin-import'),// 导入 import 插件
                        {
                          libraryName: 'antd',   //暴露antd
                          style: true
                        }
                      ],
                    ],
    

      

    5.坑来了,当你设为true时,你会发编译失败,页面中antd组件也会没有样式了,命令行抛出如下异常:

       这是因为你还没配置less-loader的配置项,在之前我复制修改的那个地方只是引入使用了less-loader,并没有添加配置项,导致他就会出现这个异常,那么如何配置这个主题。

     

    6. 删除以下代码

    7. 在下面这个地方,去掉灰色框代码,新增蓝色部分代码

    if (preProcessor) {
          let loader = {
            loader: require.resolve(preProcessor),
            options: {
              sourceMap: isEnvProduction && shouldUseSourceMap,
            },
          }
          if (preProcessor === 'less-loader') {
            loader.options.modifyVars = {
              'primary-color': '#000000',
              'link-color': '#1DA57A',
              'border-radius-base': '2px',
            }
            loader.options.javascriptEnabled = true
          }
          loaders.push(loader);
    
    
        loaders.push(
            {
              loader: require.resolve('resolve-url-loader'),
              options: {
                sourceMap: isEnvProduction && shouldUseSourceMap,
              },
            },
            {
              loader: require.resolve(preProcessor),
              options: {
                sourceMap: true,
              },
            }
          );
        }    
    

      

    8.重启,完成。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gqx-html/p/13219422.html
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