实验环境：red hat 5.8
oracle环境：11.2.0.3
先开库，后恢复损坏的数据文件，减少数据库对用户的影响。
限制：因为system和undo这两个表空间不能offline，故不适合此种模式的恢复。
1、首先建立一张测试用的表。
sys@TEST0910> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
scott@TEST0910> create table test3 as select * from emp;
Table created.
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test3;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
2、实验之前，使用脚本，冷备份和热备份
冷备份参考：http://blog.csdn.net/rlhua/article/details/11850445
热备份参考：http://blog.csdn.net/rlhua/article/details/11850629
3、分三次插入数据：
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test3;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
1.插入，提交，归档
sys@TEST0910> insert into scott.test3 select * from scott.emp;
14 rows created.
sys@TEST0910> commit;
Commit complete.
sys@TEST0910> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
2.插入，提交，不归档。
sys@TEST0910> insert into scott.test3 select * from scott.emp;
14 rows created.
sys@TEST0910> commit;
Commit complete.
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test3;
COUNT(*)
----------
42
3.插入，不提交，不归档。
sys@TEST0910> insert into scott.test3 select * from scott.emp;
14 rows created.
sys@TEST0910> select count(*) from scott.test3;
COUNT(*)
----------
56
4、模拟断电
sys@TEST0910> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
5、删除表所在的那个数据文件
[oracle@rtest bak]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
[oracle@rtest bak]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf: No such file or directory
6、起库，报错，查询缺失的数据文件
sys@TEST0910> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2505338880 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 587203928 bytes
Database Buffers 1895825408 bytes
Redo Buffers 20078592 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf'
sys@TEST0910> select file#,error from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
4 FILE NOT FOUND
7、在数据库没有打开的情况下，表空间不能offline，只能offline数据文件。然后将数据库打开。
sys@TEST0910> alter tablespace users offline;
alter tablespace users offline
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01109: database not open
sys@TEST0910> alter database datafile 4 offline;
Database altered.
sys@TEST0910> alter database open;
Database altered.
先开库，减少影响。
8、进行转储数据文件。
[oracle@rtest bak]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/bak/hot_bak/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test0910/users01.dbf
9、进行数据文件恢复
sys@TEST0910> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00279: change 1647795 generated at 09/19/2013 20:16:10 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_39_93q4z4lt_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1647795 for thread 1 is in sequence #39
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 1648611 generated at 09/19/2013 20:16:35 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_19/o1_mf_1_40_93qc5g30_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1648611 for thread 1 is in sequence #40
ORA-00279: change 1656909 generated at 09/19/2013 22:02:21 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_41_93rysdc1_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1656909 for thread 1 is in sequence #41
ORA-00279: change 1682384 generated at 09/20/2013 12:43:24 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_42_93ryywvd_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1682384 for thread 1 is in sequence #42
ORA-00279: change 1682485 generated at 09/20/2013 12:46:20 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_43_93s0lg0r_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1682485 for thread 1 is in sequence #43
ORA-00279: change 1702534 generated at 09/20/2013 13:13:48 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_44_93s106lj_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1702534 for thread 1 is in sequence #44
ORA-00279: change 1703113 generated at 09/20/2013 13:21:10 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/TEST0910/archivelog/2013_09_20/o1_mf_1_45_93s1bwhd_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1703113 for thread 1 is in sequence #45
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
10、使数据文件online
sys@TEST0910> alter database datafile 4 online;
Database altered.