有时在处理不规则数据时需要提取文本包含的时间日期。
dateutil.parser模块可以统一日期字符串格式。
datefinder模块可以在字符串中提取日期。
datefinder模块实现也是用正则,功能很全 但是对中文不友好。
但是这两个模块都不能支持中文及一些特殊的情况;所以我用正则写了段代码可进行中文日期及一些特殊的时间识别
例如:
'2012年12月12日','3小时前','在2012/12/13哈哈','时间2012-12-11 12:22:30','日期2012-13-11','测试2013.12.24','今天12:13'
import re
import chardet
from datetime import datetime,timedelta
# 匹配正则表达式
matchs = {
1:(r'd{4}%sd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s d{1,2}%sd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%Y%s%%m%s%%d%s %%H%s%%M%s%%S%s'),
2:(r'd{4}%sd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s d{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%Y%s%%m%s%%d%s %%H%s%%M%s'),
3:(r'd{4}%sd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%Y%s%%m%s%%d%s'),
4:(r'd{2}%sd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%y%s%%m%s%%d%s'),
# 没有年份
5:(r'd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s d{1,2}%sd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%m%s%%d%s %%H%s%%M%s%%S%s'),
6:(r'd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s d{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%m%s%%d%s %%H%s%%M%s'),
7:(r'd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%m%s%%d%s'),
# 没有年月日
8:(r'd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%H%s%%M%s%%S%s'),
9:(r'd{1,2}%sd{1,2}%s','%%H%s%%M%s'),
}
# 正则中的%s分割
splits = [
{1:[('年','月','日','点','分','秒'),('-','-','',':',':',''),('/','/','',':',':',''),('.','.','',':',':','')]},
{2:[('年','月','日','点','分'),('-','-','',':',''),('/','/','',':',''),('.','.','',':','')]},
{3:[('年','月','日'),('-','-',''),('/','/',''),('.','.','')]},
{4:[('年','月','日'),('-','-',''),('/','/',''),('.','.','')]},
{5:[('月','日','点','分','秒'),('-','',':',':',''),('/','',':',':',''),('.','',':',':','')]},
{6:[('月','日','点','分'),('-','',':',''),('/','',':',''),('.','',':','')]},
{7:[('月','日'),('-',''),('/',''),('.','')]},
{8:[('点','分','秒'),(':',':','')]},
{9:[('点','分'),(':','')]},
]
def func(parten,tp):
re.search(parten,parten)
parten_other = 'd+天前|d+分钟前|d+小时前|d+秒前'
class TimeFinder(object):
def __init__(self,base_date=None):
self.base_date = base_date
self.match_item = []
self.init_args()
self.init_match_item()
def init_args(self):
# 格式化基础时间
if not self.base_date:
self.base_date = datetime.now()
if self.base_date and not isinstance(self.base_date,datetime):
try:
self.base_date = datetime.strptime(self.base_date,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
except Exception as e:
raise 'type of base_date must be str of%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S or datetime'
def init_match_item(self):
# 构建穷举正则匹配公式 及提取的字符串转datetime格式映射
for item in splits:
for num,value in item.items():
match = matchs[num]
for sp in value:
tmp = []
for m in match:
tmp.append(m%sp)
self.match_item.append(tuple(tmp))
def get_time_other(self,text):
m = re.search('d+',text)
if not m:
return None
num = int(m.group())
if '天' in text:
return self.base_date - timedelta(days=num)
elif '小时' in text:
return self.base_date - timedelta(hours=num)
elif '分钟' in text:
return self.base_date - timedelta(minutes=num)
elif '秒' in text:
return self.base_date - timedelta(seconds=num)
return None
def find_time(self,text):
# 格式化text为str类型
if isinstance(text,bytes):
encoding =chardet.detect(text)['encoding']
text = text.decode(encoding)
res = []
parten = '|'.join([x[0] for x in self.match_item])
parten = parten+ '|' +parten_other
match_list = re.findall(parten,text)
if not match_list:
return None
for match in match_list:
for item in self.match_item:
try:
date = datetime.strptime(match,item[1].replace('\',''))
if date.year==1900:
date = date.replace(year=self.base_date.year)
if date.month==1:
date = date.replace(month=self.base_date.month)
if date.day==1:
date = date.replace(day=self.base_date.day)
res.append(datetime.strftime(date,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
break
except Exception as e:
date = self.get_time_other(match)
if date:
res.append(datetime.strftime(date,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
break
if not res:
return None
return res
def test():
timefinder =TimeFinder(base_date='2020-04-23 00:00:00')
for text in ['2012年12月12日','3小时前','在2012/12/13哈哈','时间2012-12-11 12:22:30','日期2012-13-11','测试2013.12.24','今天12:13']:
res = timefinder.find_time(text)
print('text----',text)
print('res---',res)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
测试运行结果如下
text---- 2012年12月12日
res--- ['2012-12-12 00:00:00']
text---- 3小时前
res--- ['2020-04-22 21:00:00']
text---- 在2012/12/13哈哈
res--- ['2012-12-13 00:00:00']
text---- 时间2012-12-11 12:22:30
res--- ['2012-12-11 12:22:30']
text---- 日期2012-13-11
res--- None
text---- 测试2013.12.24
res--- ['2013-12-24 00:00:00']
text---- 今天12:13
res--- ['2020-04-23 12:13:00']