实现国际化有三种做法：
- 创建资源文件。
- 每种语言设置一套单独的View。
- 1 + 2。
通常而言，第一种方法的可维护性是最高的。因为随着项目的规模的扩大，为每种语言设置一套单独的View，前期的工作量和后期的维护成本都会太高。
但是如果只采用资源文件的做法，在某些场合下，View的显示会出现问题，诸如一些文字次序是从右到左显示的语言，很显然仅仅更换文字内容也是不合适的。
所以，最终采取何种方式还是要看具体的项目情况而定。接下去的内容只针对第一种做法。
概括起来，有如下步骤：
- 创建资源文件
- Controller中添加国际化的支持
- 配置View
============ Action Now! ============
1. 创建资源文件
1) 不要将资源文件添加到现有的项目中，而是新建一个Class Library的项目， 这样可以在日后复用此资源文件到其它项目中。
2) 创建资源文件。资源文件名可以自由定义，在这里我创建一个名为Resources.resx的资源文件，做为默认的资源文件，通常用于英文。然后再定义一个Resources.zh-CN.resx的资源文件，用于中文。在这里我们可以看出资源文件定义的规律，即Resources.[编码名].resx。创建结果如下：
2. Controller中添加国际化的支持
1) 创建BaseController文件，做为所有Controller的父类。
1 public class BaseController : Controller 2 3 { 4 5 protected override IAsyncResult BeginExecuteCore(AsyncCallback callback, object state) 6 7 { 8 9 string cultureName = null; 10 11 12 13 // Attempt to read the culture cookie from Request 14 15 HttpCookie cultureCookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"]; 16 17 if (cultureCookie != null) 18 19 cultureName = cultureCookie.Value; 20 21 else 22 23 cultureName = Request.UserLanguages != null && Request.UserLanguages.Length > 0 ? 24 25 Request.UserLanguages[0] : // obtain it from HTTP header AcceptLanguages 26 27 null; 28 29 // Validate culture name 30 31 cultureName = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(cultureName); // This is safe 32 33 34 35 // Modify current thread's cultures 36 37 Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo(cultureName); 38 39 Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; 40 41 42 43 return base.BeginExecuteCore(callback, state); 44 45 } 46 47 }
2) 将每个Controller的父类改为BaseController。
3) 可选。实现设置语言Cookie的方法，这样用户就可以通过自定义语言，而不是只能依赖浏览器的默认语言。
1 public ActionResult SetCulture(string culture) 2 3 { 4 5 // Validate input 6 7 culture = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(culture); 8 9 // Save culture in a cookie 10 11 HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"]; 12 13 if (cookie != null) 14 15 cookie.Value = culture; // update cookie value 16 17 else 18 19 { 20 21 cookie = new HttpCookie("_culture"); 22 23 cookie.Value = culture; 24 25 cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1); 26 27 } 28 29 Response.Cookies.Add(cookie); 30 31 return RedirectToAction("Index"); 32 33 }
4) 创建CultureHelper.cs。
1 public static class CultureHelper 2 3 { 4 5 // Valid cultures 6 7 private static readonly List<string> _validCultures = new List<string> { "af", "af-ZA", "sq", "sq-AL", "gsw-FR", "am-ET", "ar", "ar-DZ", "ar-BH", "ar-EG", "ar-IQ", "ar-JO", "ar-KW", "ar-LB", "ar-LY", "ar-MA", "ar-OM", "ar-QA", "ar-SA", "ar-SY", "ar-TN", "ar-AE", "ar-YE", "hy", "hy-AM", "as-IN", "az", "az-Cyrl-AZ", "az-Latn-AZ", "ba-RU", "eu", "eu-ES", "be", "be-BY", "bn-BD", "bn-IN", "bs-Cyrl-BA", "bs-Latn-BA", "br-FR", "bg", "bg-BG", "ca", "ca-ES", "zh-HK", "zh-MO", "zh-CN", "zh-Hans", "zh-SG", "zh-TW", "zh-Hant", "co-FR", "hr", "hr-HR", "hr-BA", "cs", "cs-CZ", "da", "da-DK", "prs-AF", "div", "div-MV", "nl", "nl-BE", "nl-NL", "en", "en-AU", "en-BZ", "en-CA", "en-029", "en-IN", "en-IE", "en-JM", "en-MY", "en-NZ", "en-PH", "en-SG", "en-ZA", "en-TT", "en-GB", "en-US", "en-ZW", "et", "et-EE", "fo", "fo-FO", "fil-PH", "fi", "fi-FI", "fr", "fr-BE", "fr-CA", "fr-FR", "fr-LU", "fr-MC", "fr-CH", "fy-NL", "gl", "gl-ES", "ka", "ka-GE", "de", "de-AT", "de-DE", "de-LI", "de-LU", "de-CH", "el", "el-GR", "kl-GL", "gu", "gu-IN", "ha-Latn-NG", "he", "he-IL", "hi", "hi-IN", "hu", "hu-HU", "is", "is-IS", "ig-NG", "id", "id-ID", "iu-Latn-CA", "iu-Cans-CA", "ga-IE", "xh-ZA", "zu-ZA", "it", "it-IT", "it-CH", "ja", "ja-JP", "kn", "kn-IN", "kk", "kk-KZ", "km-KH", "qut-GT", "rw-RW", "sw", "sw-KE", "kok", "kok-IN", "ko", "ko-KR", "ky", "ky-KG", "lo-LA", "lv", "lv-LV", "lt", "lt-LT", "wee-DE", "lb-LU", "mk", "mk-MK", "ms", "ms-BN", "ms-MY", "ml-IN", "mt-MT", "mi-NZ", "arn-CL", "mr", "mr-IN", "moh-CA", "mn", "mn-MN", "mn-Mong-CN", "ne-NP", "no", "nb-NO", "nn-NO", "oc-FR", "or-IN", "ps-AF", "fa", "fa-IR", "pl", "pl-PL", "pt", "pt-BR", "pt-PT", "pa", "pa-IN", "quz-BO", "quz-EC", "quz-PE", "ro", "ro-RO", "rm-CH", "ru", "ru-RU", "smn-FI", "smj-NO", "smj-SE", "se-FI", "se-NO", "se-SE", "sms-FI", "sma-NO", "sma-SE", "sa", "sa-IN", "sr", "sr-Cyrl-BA", "sr-Cyrl-SP", "sr-Latn-BA", "sr-Latn-SP", "nso-ZA", "tn-ZA", "si-LK", "sk", "sk-SK", "sl", "sl-SI", "es", "es-AR", "es-BO", "es-CL", "es-CO", "es-CR", "es-DO", "es-EC", "es-SV", "es-GT", "es-HN", "es-MX", "es-NI", "es-PA", "es-PY", "es-PE", "es-PR", "es-ES", "es-US", "es-UY", "es-VE", "sv", "sv-FI", "sv-SE", "syr", "syr-SY", "tg-Cyrl-TJ", "tzm-Latn-DZ", "ta", "ta-IN", "tt", "tt-RU", "te", "te-IN", "th", "th-TH", "bo-CN", "tr", "tr-TR", "tk-TM", "ug-CN", "uk", "uk-UA", "wen-DE", "ur", "ur-PK", "uz", "uz-Cyrl-UZ", "uz-Latn-UZ", "vi", "vi-VN", "cy-GB", "wo-SN", "sah-RU", "ii-CN", "yo-NG" }; 8 9 // Include ONLY cultures you are implementing 10 11 private static readonly List<string> _cultures = new List<string> { 12 13 "zh-CN", 14 15 "en-US", 16 17 }; 18 19 /// <summary> 20 21 /// Returns true if the language is a right-to-left language. Otherwise, false. 22 23 /// </summary> 24 25 public static bool IsRighToLeft() 26 27 { 28 29 return System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.IsRightToLeft; 30 31 32 33 } 34 35 /// <summary> 36 37 /// Returns a valid culture name based on "name" parameter. If "name" is not valid, it returns the default culture "en-US" 38 39 /// </summary> 40 41 /// <param name="name" />Culture's name (e.g. en-US)</param> 42 43 public static string GetImplementedCulture(string name) 44 45 { 46 47 // make sure it's not null 48 49 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) 50 51 return GetDefaultCulture(); // return Default culture 52 53 // make sure it is a valid culture first 54 55 if (_validCultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Count() == 0) 56 57 return GetDefaultCulture(); // return Default culture if it is invalid 58 59 // if it is implemented, accept it 60 61 if (_cultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Count() > 0) 62 63 return name; // accept it 64 65 // Find a close match. For example, if you have "en-US" defined and the user requests "en-GB", 66 67 // the function will return closes match that is "en-US" because at least the language is the same (ie English) 68 69 var n = GetNeutralCulture(name); 70 71 foreach (var c in _cultures) 72 73 if (c.StartsWith(n)) 74 75 return c; 76 77 // else 78 79 // It is not implemented 80 81 return GetDefaultCulture(); // return Default culture as no match found 82 83 } 84 85 /// <summary> 86 87 /// Returns default culture name which is the first name decalared (e.g. en-US) 88 89 /// </summary> 90 91 /// <returns></returns> 92 93 public static string GetDefaultCulture() 94 95 { 96 97 return _cultures[0]; // return Default culture 98 99 } 100 101 public static string GetCurrentCulture() 102 103 { 104 105 return Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name; 106 107 } 108 109 public static string GetCurrentNeutralCulture() 110 111 { 112 113 return GetNeutralCulture(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name); 114 115 } 116 117 public static string GetNeutralCulture(string name) 118 119 { 120 121 if (name.Length < 2) 122 123 return name; 124 125 return name.Substring(0, 2); // Read first two chars only. E.g. "en", "es" 126 127 } 128 129 }
注意_cultures数组里的是当前系统支持的语言。
3. 配置View
1) 在MVC项目中添加对Resources项目的引用。
2) 修改View目录下的web.config文件，在pages下添加namespace=Resources。这样在View中就能够直接引用Resources。
1 <pages pageBaseType="System.Web.Mvc.WebViewPage"> 2 3 <namespaces> 4 5 <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" /> 6 7 <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" /> 8 9 <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" /> 10 11 <add namespace="System.Web.Optimization"/> 12 13 <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" /> 14 15 <add namespace="Resources" /> 16 17 </namespaces> 18 19 </pages>
3) 在View中需要的地方写@Resources.[key]。例如：
1 <div class="jumbotron"> 2 3 <h1>@Resources.ApplicationName</h1> 4 5 <p><a href="http://asp.net" class="btn btn-primary btn-large">@Resources.Expose</a></p> 6 7 </div>
完工。本文忽略了设置语言的前端实现，和后台的资源文件内容的提取。如果有想要知道的朋友，可以提出来，我会另外再写一篇做介绍。