How to proxy a web site by apache2 in Ubuntu

Install apache2

To execute the install command in terminal:

sudo apt-get install apache2

Then, we can find that the apache2 has been installed in "/etc/" directory.

eric@eric:cd /etc/apache2

eric@eric:/etc/apache2$ apache2 -version
Server version: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu)
Server built:   Apr  3 2014 12:20:28

eric@eric:/etc/apache2# ls -l
total 80
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7115 Jan  7 21:23 apache2.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 17 15:09 conf-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 17 15:09 conf-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1782 Jan  3 22:48 envvars
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31063 Jan  3 22:48 magic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Jun 17 15:09 mods-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 17 15:09 mods-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   320 Jan  7 21:23 ports.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 17 15:08 sites-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 17 15:09 sites-enabled

Attention:

After executing the install command, some echo exception messages may shown like that.

AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(98)Address already in use: AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down

If so, we need to:

1) Config the "ServerName" in apache2.conf.

eric@eric:cd /etc/apache2
eric@eric:cd vi apache2.conf

...
ServerName localhost
...

2) End the existed process which is using the 80 socket.

netstat -ap | grep 80
lsof -i:80
kill {PID}

Or modify the listen socket. (See Config listening ports)

Then, we can restart apache2.

eric@eric:sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Config listening ports

We can change and add the listening ports by modifying port.conf file in "/etc/apache2/".

eric@eric:sudo vi /etc/apache2/ports.conf

For example, we change the default port from 80 to 81 to avoid the in used portd.

Listen 81

<IfModule ssl_module>
    Listen 443
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_gnutls.c>
    Listen 443
</IfModule>

After changing the default port, the default site configuration (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf) also need be updated.

eric@eric:sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

Modify

<VirtualHost *:80>

as

<VirtualHost *:81>

Config proxy or reverse proxy

Here, there is a Tomcat worked in 8080 port as our J2EE server and an application named "jreport" running in it. We will config the apache to proxy it.

1. Activate proxy module

There are "mods-available" and "mods-enabled" two directories in apache. The "mods-available" directory includes all available module configuration files. If we want to make them take effect, they must be copied or linked into the "mods-enabled" directory.

For activating the proxy module, we create some soft link for "proxy.load", "proxy_http.load" and "proxy.conf".

eric@eric:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ sudo ln -s ../mods-available/proxy.load
eric@eric:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ sudo ln -s ../mods-available/proxy_http.load
eric@eric:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ sudo ln -s ../mods-available/proxy.conf

Then, execute the a2enmod command.

eric@eric:/etc/apache2$ a2enmod proxy

2. Config proxy

After activating the proxy module, we can config the "Forward Proxy" or "Reverse Proxy" for the "jreport" application in Tomcat.

• Reverse Proxy

Reverse proxy is the most used way.

ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass /jreport ${JREPORT_SERVER}/jreport
ProxyPassReverse /jreport ${JREPORT_SERVER}/jreport

or

ProxyRequests Off

Timeout 36000
ProxyTimeout 36000

<Location /jreport/>
    ProxyPass ${JREPORT_SERVER}/jreport
    ProxyPassReverse ${JREPORT_SERVER}/jreport
    ProxyPassReverseCookiePath /jreport /
</Location>

For easy to config, we define a variable named "JREPORT_SERVER" in "/etc/apache2/envvars".

export JREPORT_SERVER=http://192.168.0.88:8080

After restarting the apache with the latest configuration, we can access the "jreport" application with:

http://localhost:81/jreport

• Forward Proxy

For example, to control who can access your proxy:

ProxyRequests On
ProxyVia On
<Proxy *>
  Require ip 192.168.0
</Proxy>

For more details, please see the official doc about mod_proxy.

Add SSL Support

1. Install openssl and ssl_cert

eric@eric: sudo apt-get install openssl ssl_cert

2. Generate private key and certification

eric@eric: sudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl
eric@eric: cd /etc/apache2/ssl
eric@eric:/etc/apache2/ssl$ sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out my-server.key 1024
eric@eric:/etc/apache2/ssl$ sudo openssl req -key my-server.key -x509 -out my-server.crt -config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf -days 3650

3. Activate SSL module

eric@eric:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ sudo ln -s ../mods-available/ssl.load
eric@eric:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ sudo ln -s ../mods-available/ssl.conf
eric@eric:/etc/apache2/mods-enabled$ sudo a2enmod ssl

4. Add SSL support for site

Now, we modify the default site configuration (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf) to add SSL support and make non-https access use the https automatically.

Usually, we config the 443 port for SSL support.

<VirtualHost *:81>
    ...

    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on

    RewriteRule ^/?(.*)$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [L,R]
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/my-server.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFiel /etc/apache2/ssl/my-server.key

    ...

</VirtualHost>

Postscript

I have just recorded my first attempt to proxy a web site by apache for memo. There are some other useful and complex modules in apache, such as rewrite, load balance and so on.

Reference

1. Apache official doc: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/