如何创建一个RESTful WCF Service

原创地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/jfzhu/p/4044813.html

转载请注明出处

（一）web.config文件

要创建REST WCF Service，endpoint binding需要用webHttpBinding，参见《webHttpBinding、basicHttpBinding和wsHttpBinding的区别》。

web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
    <system.web>
      <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />
      <authentication mode="None" />
    </system.web>
    <system.serviceModel>
        <behaviors>
            <endpointBehaviors>
                <behavior name="SandwichServices.CostServiceBehavior">                    
                    <webHttp helpEnabled="true"/>
                </behavior>
            </endpointBehaviors>
            <serviceBehaviors>
              <behavior name="SandwichServices.CostServiceServiceBehavior" >
                <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
              </behavior>
            </serviceBehaviors>
        </behaviors>
        <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"
            multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />
        <services>
            <service name="SandwichServices.CostService" behaviorConfiguration="SandwichServices.CostServiceServiceBehavior">
                <endpoint address="" behaviorConfiguration="SandwichServices.CostServiceBehavior"
                    binding="webHttpBinding" contract="SandwichServices.CostService" />
              <endpoint contract="IMetadataExchange" binding="mexHttpBinding" address="mex" />
            </service>
        </services>
    </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

在《如何创建一个AJAX-Enabled WCF Service》中的web.config，因为需要AJAX，endpointBehaviors用了<enableWebScript />，但是enableWebScript 和REST需要的UriTemplate是有冲突的，所以这里不再使用。

endpointBehaviors中设置<webHttp helpEnabled="true"/>可以生成WCF Service的Help页面。

HTTP定义了与服务器交互的不同方法，最基本的方法有4种，分别是GET，POST，PUT，DELETE。一个URL地址，它用于描述一个网络上的资源，而HTTP中的GET，POST，PUT，DELETE就对应着对这个资源的查，改，增，删4个操作。GET一般用于获取/查询资源信息，而POST一般用于更新资源信息。

对于PUT和DELETE，需要身份验证信息，所以我们先暂时只允许匿名访问，在web.config中将authentication mode设置为None。

（二）webHttpBinding的XML格式

Employee.cs

using System;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace SandwichServices
{
    [DataContract]
    public class Employee
    {
        private Guid id;
        private string name;
        private DateTime birthdate;

        [DataMember]
        public Guid Id
        {
            get { return id; }
            set { id = value; }
        }

        [DataMember]
        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
            set { name = value; }
        }

        [DataMember]
        public DateTime Birthdate
        {
            get { return birthdate; }
            set { birthdate = value; }
        }
    }
}

CostService.svc.cs

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;

namespace SandwichServices
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "SandwichServices")]
    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
    public class CostService
    {
        // To use HTTP GET, add [WebGet] attribute. (Default ResponseFormat is WebMessageFormat.Json)
        // To create an operation that returns XML,
        //     add [WebGet(ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Xml)],
        //     and include the following line in the operation body:
        //         WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse.ContentType = "text/xml";
        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(Method = "PUT", UriTemplate = "Employees/AddEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        public Guid AddEmployee(Employee employee)
        {
            return Guid.NewGuid();
        }

        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(Method = "DELETE", UriTemplate = "Employees/DeleteEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        public void DeleteEmployee(string id)
        {
            return;
        }

        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "Employees/UpdateEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        public void UpdateEmployee(Employee employee)
        {
            return;
        }

        [OperationContract]
        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "Employees/GetEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml)]
        public Employee GetEmployee(string id)
        {
            return new Employee() { Id = new Guid(id), Name = "Neil Klugman", Birthdate = new DateTime(1930, 1, 1) };
        }
    }
}

（三）webHttpBinding JSON格式

将每个方法的ResponseFormat改为Json

CostService.svc.cs

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;

namespace SandwichServices
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "SandwichServices")]
    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
    public class CostService
    {
        // To use HTTP GET, add [WebGet] attribute. (Default ResponseFormat is WebMessageFormat.Json)
        // To create an operation that returns XML,
        //     add [WebGet(ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Xml)],
        //     and include the following line in the operation body:
        //         WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse.ContentType = "text/xml";
        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(Method = "PUT", UriTemplate = "Employees/AddEmployee", ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        public Guid AddEmployee(Employee employee)
        {
            return Guid.NewGuid();
        }

        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(Method = "DELETE", UriTemplate = "Employees/DeleteEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        public void DeleteEmployee(string id)
        {
            return;
        }

        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "Employees/UpdateEmployee", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        public void UpdateEmployee(Employee employee)
        {
            return;
        }

        [OperationContract]
        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "Employees/GetEmployee?id={id}", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        public Employee GetEmployee(string id)
        {
            return new Employee() { Id = new Guid(id), Name = "Neil Klugman", Birthdate = new DateTime(1930, 1, 1) };
        }
    }
}

（四）总结

1. RESTful WCF Service需要使用webHttpBinding
2. endpointBehaviors不要用<enableWebScript />
3. endpointBehaviors中设置<webHttp helpEnabled="true"/>可以生成WCF Service的Help页面
4. GET（查），POST（改），PUT（增），DELETE（删）
5. 对于PUT和DELETE，需要身份验证信息
6. webHttpBinding的数据格式有两种：XML和JSON，可以通过ResponseFormat来设置