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第三章 MySQL的多实例

一、MySQL服务构成

1.MySQL程序结构

1.连接层
2.sql层
3.存储引擎层

2.MySQL逻辑结构

1.库
2.表：元数据+真实数据行
3.元数据：列+其它属性（行数+占用空间大小+权限）
4.列：列名字+数据类型+其他约束（非空、唯一、主键、非负数、自增长、默认值）

MySQL	Linux
库	目录
show databases;	ls-l /
use mysql	cd /mysql
表	文件
show tables;	ls
二维表=元数据+真实数据行	文件=文件名+文件属性

3.MySQL物理结构

1）结构

1.MySQL的最底层的物理结构是数据文件，也就是操作服务器的磁盘
2.存储引擎分为很多种类（Linux中的FS）
3.不同存储引擎的区别：存储方式、安全性、性能

#myisam存储引擎
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  10684 Oct 19 17:09 user.frm
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql    488 Oct 20 18:28 user.MYD
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   2048 Oct 20 18:28 user.MYI

#innodb存储引擎
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   9230 Oct 19 17:09 slave_worker_info.frm
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  98304 Oct 19 17:09 slave_worker_info.ibd

#注意：建表或者库时名字一定都要是小写

2）MySQL存储物理大小

1.段：理论上一个表就是一个段，由多个区构成，（分区表是一个分区一个段）
2.区：连续的多个页构成
3.页：最小的数据存储单元，默认是16k

4.分区表：一个区构成一个段就是一个表

二、MySQL多实例

1.实例

1.单实例：
	1个进程 + 多个线程 + 单个预分配的内存空间

2.多实例：
	多个进程 + 多个线程 + 多个预分配的内存空间

3.MySQL多实例：
	1）多个端口
	2）多个socket文件
	3）多个server_id
	4）多个日志文件
	5）多个配置文件
	6）多个数据目录

2.创建多实例存放目录

[root@db02 /service]# mkdir /service/{3307,3308,3309}

3.配置多个配置文件

[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3307/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/3307/data
port=3307
socket=/service/3307/data/mysql.sock
server_id=7
log-error=/service/3307/data/mysql.err

[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3308/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/service/3308/data/mysql.sock
server_id=8
log-error=/service/3308/data/mysql.err

[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3309/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/3309/data
port=3309
socket=/service/3309/data/mysql.sock
server_id=9
log-error=/service/3309/data/mysql.err

4.初始化多实例数据目录

[root@db02 /service]# cd mysql/scripts/
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/service/3307/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/3307/data
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/service/3308/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/3308/data
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/service/3309/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/3309/data

[root@db02 /service]# tree -L 3 ./
./
├── 3307
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── ibdata1
│   │   ├── ib_logfile0
│   │   ├── ib_logfile1
│   │   ├── mysql
│   │   ├── mysql.err
│   │   ├── performance_schema
│   │   └── test
│   └── my.cnf
├── 3308
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── ibdata1
│   │   ├── ib_logfile0
│   │   ├── ib_logfile1
│   │   ├── mysql
│   │   ├── mysql.err
│   │   ├── performance_schema
│   │   └── test
│   └── my.cnf
├── 3309
│   ├── data
│   │   ├── ibdata1
│   │   ├── ib_logfile0
│   │   ├── ib_logfile1
│   │   ├── mysql
│   │   ├── mysql.err
│   │   ├── performance_schema
│   │   └── test
│   └── my.cnf
├── mysql -> /service/mysql-5.6.42
└── mysql-5.6.42

5.授权

[root@db02 /service]# chown -R mysql.mysql /service/

6.启动多实例

[root@db02 /service]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/service/3307/my.cnf &
[root@db02 /service]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/service/3308/my.cnf &
[root@db02 /service]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/service/3309/my.cnf &

7.验证启动

[root@db02 /service]# netstat -lntp | grep 330
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      24992/mysqld
tcp6       0      0 :::3307                 :::*                    LISTEN      32069/mysqld 
tcp6       0      0 :::3308                 :::*                    LISTEN      32234/mysqld
tcp6       0      0 :::3309                 :::*                    LISTEN      32394/mysqld

8.登录验证多实例

[root@db02 /service]# mysql -uroot -S /service/3307/data/mysql.sock -e 'show variables like "server_id"'
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 7     |
+---------------+-------+

[root@db02 /service]# mysql -uroot -S /service/3308/data/mysql.sock -e 'show variables like "server_id"'
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 8     |
+---------------+-------+

[root@db02 /service]# mysql -uroot -S /service/3309/data/mysql.sock -e 'show variables like "server_id"'
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 9     |
+---------------+-------+

9.多实例设置密码

[root@db02 /service]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /service/3307/data/mysql.sock
New password: 123
Confirm new password: 123
[root@db02 /service]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /service/3308/data/mysql.sock
New password: 123
Confirm new password: 123
[root@db02 /service]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /service/3309/data/mysql.sock
New password: 123
Confirm new password: 123

10.配置简单连接数据库多实例

#1.编写连接数据库文件
[root@db02 /service]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3307
mysql -uroot -p123 -S /service/3307/data/mysql.sock
[root@db02 /service]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3308
mysql -uroot -p123 -S /service/3308/data/mysql.sock
[root@db02 /service]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3309
mysql -uroot -p123 -S /service/3309/data/mysql.sock

#2.授权执行权限
[root@db02 /service]# chmod +x /usr/bin/mysql*

#3.直接使用命令连接
[root@db02 /service]# mysql3307
[root@db02 /service]# mysql3308
[root@db02 /service]# mysql3309

三、数据库多实例主从

0）配置主库的binlog

[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3307/my.cnf 
... ...
log_bin=/service/3307/data/mysql-bin

1.主库授权主从的用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'172.16.1.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2.主库查看binlog信息

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+
| File             | Position |
+------------------+----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |
+------------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

3.从库配置同步主库

#1.从库需要知道主库的信息
	1）主库的地址
	2）主库的端口
	3）主库授权的用户
	4）主库授权的用户的密码
	5）主库的binlog日志名字
	6）binlog的位置点
	
#2.从库配置主从同步
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='127.0.0.1', 
    -> master_port=3307,
    -> master_user='rep',
    -> master_password='123',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)

change master to
master_host='127.0.0.1', 
master_port=3307,
master_user='rep',
master_password='123',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
master_log_pos=120;

4.启动主从同步

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5.查看主从状态

mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 127.0.0.1
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 416
               Relay_Log_File: db02-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 579
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
        
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

6.主从同步问题

1）IO线程为NO

1.检查网络
	[root@db02 ~]# ping 127.0.0.1
2.检查端口
	[root@db02 ~]# telnet 127.0.0.1 3307
3.查看防火墙
4.主从同步的用户和密码错误
	检查change master to语句信息是否正确
5.数据库反向解析

2）SQL线程为NO

1.主库有的数据，从库没有
2.从库有的数据，主库没有
3.主库与从库数据不一致

四.MySQL5.6与MySQL5.7安装的区别

1.cmake的时候加入了bostorg
2.初始化时使用mysqld --initialize 替代 mysql_install_db，其它参数没有变化：--user= --basedir= --datadir=
3.--initialize会生成一个临时密码
4.还可以用另外一个参数--initialize-insecure

[root@db02 mysql-5.7.20]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf
[root@db02 mysql-5.7.20]# yum install make cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel
[root@db02 mysql-5.7.20]# wget https://dl.bintray.com/boostorg/release/1.65.1/source/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
#登录boost.org下载也可以
[root@db02 mysql-5.7.20]# tar xf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@db02 mysql-5.7.20]#
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.7.20 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.7.20/data 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.7.20/tmp/mysql.sock 
#开启bost库
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 
#指定bost库地址
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 
-DWITH_SSL=bundled 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

五、MySQL用户权限管理

1.linux用户和mysql用户对比

	linux系统	mysql数据库
用户的作用	1.登录系统 2.管理系统文件、服务	1.登录数据库 2.管理数据库数据
创建用户	1.useradd 2.adduser	1.create user root@'localhost'; 2.grant ...
用户密码	1.password lhd 2.useradd lhd -p 12345678	1.create user 2.grant 3.mysqladmin
删除用户	1.userdel -r	1.drop user root@'localhost'; 2.delete
修改用户	1.usermod	1.update 2.grant

2.在mysql中，用户是怎么定义的？

#在MySQL中，一个完整的用户是:  '用户'@'主机域'

1.用户名定义方法：
	1）如果是数字为用户名，需要加引号
		mysql> create user '123'@'locahost';
	2）如果是字符为用户名，不需要加引号
		mysql> create user lhd@'locahost';
		
2.主机域的定义方式：
	1）localhost
	2）127.0.0.1
	3）db01
	4）::1
	5）%
	6）10.0.0.%  （10.0.0.1-255）
	7）10.0.%.%
	8）10.%.%.%
	9）10.0.0.5%  (10.0.0.50-59)
	10）10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0
	#可以设置，但是不能使用该用户连接
	11）10.0.0.0/24

3.用户管理

1）创建用户并设置密码

mysql> create user lhd@'172.16.1.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

2）查看用户

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+--------+------------------------+
| user   | host                   |
+--------+------------------------+
| qiudao | 10.0.0.0/24            |
| lhd    | 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 |
| lhd    | 172.16.1.%             |
| root   | localhost              |
+--------+------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3）删除用户

mysql> drop user qiudao@'10.0.0.0/24';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4）修改用户密码

#1.方式一：命令行修改密码
[root@db02 /service]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password
Enter password: 123456
New password: 123
Confirm new password: 123

#2.方式二：授权的方式修改密码
mysql> grant all on *.* to lhd@'10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#3.方式三：更新数据库密码
mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('123456') where user='lhd' and host='172.16.1.%';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

#4.方式四：直接设置密码
mysql> set password=PASSWORD('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5）忘记root密码怎么办

#1.停止数据库
#2.跳过授权表和网络启动
#3.连接数据库
#4.刷新授权表
#5.修改密码
#6.正常启动数据库

4.权限管理

1）权限管理的命令

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'172.16.1.51' identified by '123';

grant all on *.* to root@'172.16.1.51' identified by '123';
grant 				#授权命令
all 				#所有权限
on 					#在。。。上
*.* 				#所有库.（包含）所有表
to 					#给。。
root@'172.16.1.51' 	  #定义的用户  '用户名'@'主机域'
identified 			 #设置密码
by 					#是
'123';

2）查看所有权限

#1.回收权限
mysql> revoke select on *.* from root@'172.16.1.51';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#2.查看用户的权限
mysql> show grants for root@'172.16.1.51';

#3.所有权限包括：
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, GRANT

5.授权的对象

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'172.16.1.51' identified by '123';   		#所有库所有表
mysql> grant all on mysql.* to root@'172.16.1.51' identified by '123';		#单库授权
mysql> grant all on mysql.user to root@'172.16.1.51' identified by '123';	#单表授权

#单列授权，企业中叫做脱敏，脱敏：脱离敏感信息

六、实战演练：

一、需求

1.恢复快照
2.配置多实例数据库
3.做多实例的主从同步
4.做多台服务器的主从同步

二、环境准备

主机名	IP地址	搭建的服务
db01	172.16.1.51	数据库主库
db02	172.16.1.52	数据库从库、数据库多实例主从
db03	172.16.1.53	数据库从库

三、db01配置

1.下载源码包
[root@db01 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.安装依赖
[root@db01 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc cmake autoconf openssl openssl-devel

3.解压源码包
[root@db01 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.46.tar.gz 

4.生成cmake
[root@db01 ~]# cd mysql-5.6.46/
[root@db01 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# mkdir /service
[root@db01 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/service/mysql-5.6.46 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/service/mysql-5.6.46/data 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/service/mysql-5.6.46/data/mysql.sock 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 
-DWITH_SSL=system 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

5.编译make
[root@db01 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# make && make install

6.做软连接
[root@db01 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# ln -s /service/mysql-5.6.46 /service/mysql

7.创建用户
[root@db01 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

8.拷贝启动文件和配置文件
[root@db01 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# cd /service/mysql/support-files/
[root@db01 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y
[root@db01 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

9.初始化
[root@db01 /service/mysql/support-files]# cd /service/mysql/scripts/
[root@db01 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/mysql/data

10.配置system管理启动MySQL
[root@db01 /service/mysql/scripts]#  vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/service/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

[root@db01 /service/mysql/scripts]# systemctl daemon-reload

11.修改启动文件
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/mysql/data

12.启动数据库
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld

13.设置环境变量
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/service/mysql/bin:$PATH

[root@db01 ~]# source /etc/profile

14.设置数据库密码
[root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password root

15.修改配置文件
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/mysql/data
port=3306
socket=/service/mysql/data/mysql.sock
server_id=1
log-error=/service/mysql/data/mysql.err
log_bin=/service/mysql/data/mysql-bin

16.重启数据库服务
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service 

17.进行数据库用户授权
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'172.16.1.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like "server_id";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 1     |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

四、db02从库配置

1.下载源码包
[root@db02 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.安装依赖
[root@db02 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc cmake autoconf openssl openssl-devel

3.解压源码包
[root@db02 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.46.tar.gz 

4.生成cmake
[root@db02 ~]# cd mysql-5.6.46/
[root@db02 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# mkdir /service
[root@db02 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/service/mysql-5.6.46 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/service/mysql-5.6.46/data 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/service/mysql-5.6.46/tmp/mysql.sock 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 
-DWITH_SSL=system 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

5.编译make
[root@db02 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# make && make install

6.做软连接
[root@db02 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# ln -s /service/mysql-5.6.46 /service/mysql

7.创建用户
[root@db02 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

8.拷贝配置文件和启动文件
[root@db02 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# cd /service/mysql/support-files/
[root@db02 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y
[root@db02 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

9.初始化
[root@db02 /service/mysql/support-files]# cd /service/mysql/scripts/
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/mysql/data

10.配置system管理启动MySQL
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]#  vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/service/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# systemctl daemon-reload

11.修改启动文件
[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/mysql/data

12.启动数据库
[root@db02 ~]# systemctl start mysqld

13.设置环境变量
[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/service/mysql/bin:$PATH

[root@db02 ~]# source /etc/profile

14.设置数据库密码
[root@db02 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password root

15.修改配置文件
[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id = 2

16.重启数据库服务
[root@db02 ~]# systemctl restart  mysqld.service 

17.从库配置主从同步
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='172.16.1.51',
    ->  master_port=3306,
    -> master_user='rep',
    ->  master_password='123',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

18.启动主从同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#查看主从状态
mysql>  show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.16.1.51
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: db02-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

五、db02配置多实例主从

1.创建多实例存放目录
[root@db02 ~]# mkdir /service/{3307,3308,3309}

2.配置多个配置文件
[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3307/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/3307/data
port=3307
socket=/service/3307/data/mysql.sock
server_id=7
log-error=/service/3307/data/mysql.err

[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3308/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/service/3308/data/mysql.sock
server_id=8
log-error=/service/3308/data/mysql.err

[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3309/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/3309/data
port=3309
socket=/service/3309/data/mysql.sock
server_id=9
log-error=/service/3309/data/mysql.err

3.初始化多实例数据目录
[root@db02 /service]# cd mysql/scripts/
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/service/3307/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/3307/data
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/service/3308/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/3308/data
[root@db02 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/service/3309/my.cnf --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/3309/data

4.授权
[root@db02 /service]# chown -R mysql.mysql /service/

5.启动多实例
[root@db02 /service]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/service/3307/my.cnf &
[root@db02 /service]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/service/3308/my.cnf &
[root@db02 /service]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/service/3309/my.cnf &

6.多实例设置密码
[root@db02 /service]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /service/3307/data/mysql.sock
[root@db02 /service]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /service/3308/data/mysql.sock
[root@db02 /service]# mysqladmin -uroot password -S /service/3309/data/mysql.sock

7.配置简单连接数据库多实例
#编写连接数据库文件
[root@db02 /service]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3307
mysql -uroot -proot -S /service/3307/data/mysql.sock
[root@db02 /service]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3308
mysql -uroot -proot -S /service/3308/data/mysql.sock
[root@db02 /service]# cat /usr/bin/mysql3309
mysql -uroot -proot -S /service/3309/data/mysql.sock

#授权执行权限
[root@db02 /service]# chmod +x /usr/bin/mysql*

#直接使用命令连接
[root@db02 /service]# mysql3307
[root@db02 /service]# mysql3308
[root@db02 /service]# mysql3309

8.配置主库的binlog
[root@db02 /service]# vim /service/3307/my.cnf 
...
log_bin=/service/3307/data/mysql-bin

9.主库授权主从的用户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'localhost' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

10.重启主库
[root@db02 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/service/3307/my.cnf &

#主库查看binlog信息
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+
| File             | Position |
+------------------+----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      120 |
+------------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

11.3308从库配置主从同步
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='127.0.0.1', 
    -> master_port=3307,
    -> master_user='rep',
    -> master_password='123',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=120;

12.3308开启主从同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#查看主从状态
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 127.0.0.1
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 325
               Relay_Log_File: db02-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 488
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

13.3309从库配置主从同步
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='127.0.0.1', 
    -> master_port=3307,
    -> master_user='rep',
    -> master_password='123',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec)

14.3309开启主从同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#查看主从状态
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 127.0.0.1
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 325
               Relay_Log_File: db02-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 488
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

六、db03配置

1.下载源码包
[root@db03 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.安装依赖
[root@db03 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc cmake autoconf openssl openssl-devel

3.解压源码包
[root@db03 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.46.tar.gz 

4.生成cmake
[root@db03 ~]# cd mysql-5.6.46/
[root@db03 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# mkdir /service
[root@db03 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/service/mysql-5.6.46 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/service/mysql-5.6.46/data 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/service/mysql-5.6.46/tmp/mysql.sock 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 
-DWITH_SSL=system 
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

5.编译make
[root@db03 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# make && make install

6.做软连接
[root@db03 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# ln -s /service/mysql-5.6.46 /service/mysql

7.创建用户
[root@db03 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

8.拷贝配置文件和启动文件
[root@db03 ~/mysql-5.6.46]# cd /service/mysql/support-files/
[root@db03 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y
[root@db03 /service/mysql/support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

9.初始化
[root@db03 /service/mysql/support-files]# cd /service/mysql/scripts/
[root@db03 /service/mysql/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql --datadir=/service/mysql/data

10.配置system管理启动MySQL
[root@db03 /service/mysql/scripts]#  vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/service/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

[root@db03/service/mysql/scripts]# systemctl daemon-reload

11.修改启动文件
[root@db03~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 
basedir=/service/mysql
datadir=/service/mysql/data

12.启动数据库
[root@db03~]# systemctl start mysqld

13.设置环境变量
[root@db03~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/service/mysql/bin:$PATH

[root@db03~]# source /etc/profile

14.设置数据库密码
[root@db03~]# mysqladmin -uroot password root

15.修改配置文件
[root@db03 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id = 3

16.重启数据库服务
[root@db03 ~]# systemctl restart  mysqld.service 

15.配置主从同步
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='172.16.1.51',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_user='rep',
    -> master_password='123',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.05 sec)

16.开始主从同步
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#查看主从状态
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.16.1.51
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: db03-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/jhno1/p/13879363.html