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  • Python中,添加写入数据到已经存在的Excel的xls文件,即打开excel文件,写入新数据

    背景

    Python中,想要打开已经存在的excel的xls文件,然后在最后新的一行的数据。

    折腾过程

    1.找到了参考资料:

    writing to existing workbook using xlwt

    其实是没有直接实现:

    打开已有的excel文件,然后在文件最后写入,添加新数据

    的函数的。

    只不过,可以利用:

    Working with Excel Files in Python

    中的库,组合实现。

    2. writing to existing workbook using xlwt

    给出了示例代码:

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    rom xlutils.copy import copy # http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlutils
    from xlrd import open_workbook # http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd
    from xlwt import easyxf # http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt
     
    START_ROW = 297 # 0 based (subtract 1 from excel row number)
    col_age_november = 1
    col_summer1 = 2
    col_fall1 = 3
     
    rb = open_workbook(file_path,formatting_info=True)
    r_sheet = rb.sheet_by_index(0) # read only copy to introspect the file
    wb = copy(rb) # a writable copy (I can't read values out of this, only write to it)
    w_sheet = wb.get_sheet(0) # the sheet to write to within the writable copy
     
    for row_index in range(START_ROW, r_sheet.nrows):
        age_nov = r_sheet.cell(row_index, col_age_november).value
        if age_nov == 3:
            #If 3, then Combo I 3-4 year old  for both summer1 and fall1
            w_sheet.write(row_index, col_summer1, 'Combo I 3-4 year old')
            w_sheet.write(row_index, col_fall1, 'Combo I 3-4 year old')
     
    wb.save(file_path + '.out' + os.path.splitext(file_path)[-1])

    3. 刚又看到,有更简洁的代码:

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    from xlutils.copy import copy
    w = copy('book1.xls')
    w.get_sheet(0).write(0,0,"foo")
    w.save('book2.xls')

    4.现在打算去试试。

    先去安装xlrd:

    【记录】Python中安装xlrd模块

    6.再去安装xlutils:

    【记录】Python中安装可以读写excel的xls文件的xlutils模块(需依赖于xlrd和xlwt)

    7.接着可以去写代码了。

    8.先是:

    【已解决】Python中使用xlutils.copy出错:AttributeError: ‘module’ object has no attribute ‘copy’

    9.后是:

    【已解决】Python中使用xlutils的copy出错:AttributeError: ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘datemode’

    10.后来是用如下代码:

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    import xlwt;
    import xlrd;
    #import xlutils;
    from xlutils.copy import copy;
     
    #init xls file
    #styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;');
    #styleBold   = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on');
    styleBoldRed   = xlwt.easyxf('font: color-index red, bold on');
    headerStyle = styleBoldRed;
    wb = xlwt.Workbook();
    ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst['xls']['sheetName']);
    ws.write(0, 0, "Header",        headerStyle);
    ws.write(0, 1, "CatalogNumber", headerStyle);
    ws.write(0, 2, "PartNumber",    headerStyle);
    wb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
     
     
    #open existed xls file
    #newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    #newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>
    newWb = copy(oldWb);
    print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>
    newWs = newWb.get_sheet(0);
    newWs.write(1, 0, "value1");
    newWs.write(1, 1, "value2");
    newWs.write(1, 2, "value3");
    print "write new values ok";
    newWb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    print "save with same name ok";

    实现了,打开,刚刚保存的,已经存在的xls文件,

    然后写入新数据的目的。

    但是有个缺点,

    第一次保存时的,带格式(标题内容为红色粗体)的内容:

    old xls with format

    重新写入新数据,再保存时,却丢失了之前的格式(标题没了红色粗体了):

    rewrite one loss format

    11.后来还是参考:

    writing to existing workbook using xlwt

    中的那个标准答案,在用xlrd.open_workbook时,添加对应的参数formatting_info=True,就可以保留原有格式了。

    完整代码:

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    import xlwt;
    import xlrd;
    #import xlutils;
    from xlutils.copy import copy;
     
    #init xls file
    #styleBlueBkg= xlwt.easyxf('pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour sky_blue;');
    #styleBold   = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold on');
    styleBoldRed   = xlwt.easyxf('font: color-index red, bold on');
    headerStyle = styleBoldRed;
    wb = xlwt.Workbook();
    ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst['xls']['sheetName']);
    ws.write(0, 0, "Header",        headerStyle);
    ws.write(0, 1, "CatalogNumber", headerStyle);
    ws.write(0, 2, "PartNumber",    headerStyle);
    wb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
     
     
    #open existed xls file
    #newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    #newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst['xls']['fileName'], formatting_info=True);
    print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>
    newWb = copy(oldWb);
    print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>
    newWs = newWb.get_sheet(0);
    newWs.write(1, 0, "value1");
    newWs.write(1, 1, "value2");
    newWs.write(1, 2, "value3");
    print "write new values ok";
    newWb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    print "save with same name ok";
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    最后重新写入的数据,就可以保留之前的格式了(标题为红色粗体):

    new one with format

    总结

    python中操作,本身就复杂的xls文件,还是有点小麻烦的。

    想要,往已经存在的xls文件中,写入新的行,新的数据,对应的逻辑为:

    1. 用xlrd.open_workbook打开已有的xsl文件
      • 注意添加参数formatting_info=True,得以保存之前数据的格式
    2. 然后用,from xlutils.copy import copy;,之后的copy去从打开的xlrd的Book变量中,拷贝出一份,成为新的xlwt的Workbook变量
    3. 然后对于xlwt的Workbook变量,就是正常的:
      1. 通过get_sheet去获得对应的sheet
      2. 拿到sheet变量后,就可以往sheet中,写入新的数据
    4. 写完新数据后,最终save保存

    相关完整代码为:

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    import xlwt;
    import xlrd;
    #import xlutils;
    from xlutils.copy import copy;
     
    styleBoldRed   = xlwt.easyxf('font: color-index red, bold on');
    headerStyle = styleBoldRed;
    wb = xlwt.Workbook();
    ws = wb.add_sheet(gConst['xls']['sheetName']);
    ws.write(0, 0, "Header",        headerStyle);
    ws.write(0, 1, "CatalogNumber", headerStyle);
    ws.write(0, 2, "PartNumber",    headerStyle);
    wb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
     
    #open existed xls file
    #newWb = xlutils.copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    #newWb = copy(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    oldWb = xlrd.open_workbook(gConst['xls']['fileName'], formatting_info=True);
    print oldWb; #<xlrd.book.Book object at 0x000000000315C940>
    newWb = copy(oldWb);
    print newWb; #<xlwt.Workbook.Workbook object at 0x000000000315F470>
    newWs = newWb.get_sheet(0);
    newWs.write(1, 0, "value1");
    newWs.write(1, 1, "value2");
    newWs.write(1, 2, "value3");
    print "write new values ok";
    newWb.save(gConst['xls']['fileName']);
    print "save with same name ok";

    其中,关于如何下载和安装对应的库,可参考:

    【记录】Python中生成(写入数据到)Excel文件中

    【记录】Python中安装xlrd模块

    【记录】Python中安装可以读写excel的xls文件的xlutils模块(需依赖于xlrd和xlwt)

     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangzhaowei/p/5857844.html
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