1. centos7 开始 使用firewalld 代替了 iptables
命令工具为 firewall-cmd
帮助信息非常长，简单放到文末
2. 简单使用
首先开启 httpd 一般都自带安装了
systemctl status httpd 验证一下服务是否开启
我这边没有开启因为servername 有问题
处理方式就是修改 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 里面的 servername 修改到一个有意义的名字即可
然后使用
curl http://127.0.0.1
验证能够打开
3. 查看防火墙的状态
systemctl status firewalld
验证为running 的状态。
4. 使用外部浏览器浏览访问
然后 查看防火墙的状态以及 添加端口例外访问
主要操作为：
再使用浏览器验证
比较简单的 permanent 是持久性的含义 public 是公共网络访问 add-port 是添加端口 remove-port 是 移除端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule protocol value=icmp drop' 这个命令可以禁止ping firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-rich-rule='rule protocol value=icmp drop' 这个命令可以放开ping 注意使用完之后必须 使用 firewall-cmd --reload 的方式重载防火墙才可以
命令非常复杂， 只是简单学习一下使用 有时间继续学习
感觉比 iptables 的命令要通俗易懂一些。
mark
Usage: firewall-cmd [OPTIONS...] General Options -h, --help Prints a short help text and exists -V, --version Print the version string of firewalld -q, --quiet Do not print status messages Status Options --state Return and print firewalld state --reload Reload firewall and keep state information --complete-reload Reload firewall and lose state information --runtime-to-permanent Create permanent from runtime configuration --check-config Check permanent configuration for errors Log Denied Options --get-log-denied Print the log denied value --set-log-denied=<value> Set log denied value Automatic Helpers Options --get-automatic-helpers Print the automatic helpers value --set-automatic-helpers=<value> Set automatic helpers value Permanent Options --permanent Set an option permanently Usable for options marked with [P] Zone Options --get-default-zone Print default zone for connections and interfaces --set-default-zone=<zone> Set default zone --get-active-zones Print currently active zones --get-zones Print predefined zones [P] --get-services Print predefined services [P] --get-icmptypes Print predefined icmptypes [P] --get-zone-of-interface=<interface> Print name of the zone the interface is bound to [P] --get-zone-of-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset> Print name of the zone the source is bound to [P] --list-all-zones List everything added for or enabled in all zones [P] --new-zone=<zone> Add a new zone [P only] --new-zone-from-file=<filename> [--name=<zone>] Add a new zone from file with optional name [P only] --delete-zone=<zone> Delete an existing zone [P only] --load-zone-defaults=<zone> Load zone default settings [P only] [Z] --zone=<zone> Use this zone to set or query options, else default zone Usable for options marked with [Z] --get-target Get the zone target [P only] [Z] --set-target=<target> Set the zone target [P only] [Z] --info-zone=<zone> Print information about a zone --path-zone=<zone> Print file path of a zone [P only] IPSet Options --get-ipset-types Print the supported ipset types --new-ipset=<ipset> --type=<ipset type> [--option=<key>[=<value>]].. Add a new ipset [P only] --new-ipset-from-file=<filename> [--name=<ipset>] Add a new ipset from file with optional name [P only] --delete-ipset=<ipset> Delete an existing ipset [P only] --load-ipset-defaults=<ipset> Load ipset default settings [P only] --info-ipset=<ipset> Print information about an ipset --path-ipset=<ipset> Print file path of an ipset [P only] --get-ipsets Print predefined ipsets --ipset=<ipset> --set-description=<description> Set new description to ipset [P only] --ipset=<ipset> --get-description Print description for ipset [P only] --ipset=<ipset> --set-short=<description> Set new short description to ipset [P only] --ipset=<ipset> --get-short Print short description for ipset [P only] --ipset=<ipset> --add-entry=<entry> Add a new entry to an ipset [P] --ipset=<ipset> --remove-entry=<entry> Remove an entry from an ipset [P] --ipset=<ipset> --query-entry=<entry> Return whether ipset has an entry [P] --ipset=<ipset> --get-entries List entries of an ipset [P] --ipset=<ipset> --add-entries-from-file=<entry> Add a new entries to an ipset [P] --ipset=<ipset> --remove-entries-from-file=<entry> Remove entries from an ipset [P] IcmpType Options --new-icmptype=<icmptype> Add a new icmptype [P only] --new-icmptype-from-file=<filename> [--name=<icmptype>] Add a new icmptype from file with optional name [P only] --delete-icmptype=<icmptype> Delete an existing icmptype [P only] --load-icmptype-defaults=<icmptype> Load icmptype default settings [P only] --info-icmptype=<icmptype> Print information about an icmptype --path-icmptype=<icmptype> Print file path of an icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --set-description=<description> Set new description to icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --get-description Print description for icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --set-short=<description> Set new short description to icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --get-short Print short description for icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --add-destination=<ipv> Enable destination for ipv in icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --remove-destination=<ipv> Disable destination for ipv in icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --query-destination=<ipv> Return whether destination ipv is enabled in icmptype [P only] --icmptype=<icmptype> --get-destinations List destinations in icmptype [P only] Service Options --new-service=<service> Add a new service [P only] --new-service-from-file=<filename> [--name=<service>] Add a new service from file with optional name [P only] --delete-service=<service> Delete an existing service [P only] --load-service-defaults=<service> Load icmptype default settings [P only] --info-service=<service> Print information about a service --path-service=<service> Print file path of a service [P only] --service=<service> --set-description=<description> Set new description to service [P only] --service=<service> --get-description Print description for service [P only] --service=<service> --set-short=<description> Set new short description to service [P only] --service=<service> --get-short Print short description for service [P only] --service=<service> --add-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Add a new port to service [P only] --service=<service> --remove-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Remove a port from service [P only] --service=<service> --query-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Return whether the port has been added for service [P only] --service=<service> --get-ports List ports of service [P only] --service=<service> --add-protocol=<protocol> Add a new protocol to service [P only] --service=<service> --remove-protocol=<protocol> Remove a protocol from service [P only] --service=<service> --query-protocol=<protocol> Return whether the protocol has been added for service [P only] --service=<service> --get-protocols List protocols of service [P only] --service=<service> --add-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Add a new source port to service [P only] --service=<service> --remove-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Remove a source port from service [P only] --service=<service> --query-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Return whether the source port has been added for service [P only] --service=<service> --get-source-ports List source ports of service [P only] --service=<service> --add-module=<module> Add a new module to service [P only] --service=<service> --remove-module=<module> Remove a module from service [P only] --service=<service> --query-module=<module> Return whether the module has been added for service [P only] --service=<service> --get-modules List modules of service [P only] --service=<service> --set-destination=<ipv>:<address>[/<mask>] Set destination for ipv to address in service [P only] --service=<service> --remove-destination=<ipv> Disable destination for ipv i service [P only] --service=<service> --query-destination=<ipv>:<address>[/<mask>] Return whether destination ipv is set for service [P only] --service=<service> --get-destinations List destinations in service [P only] Options to Adapt and Query Zones --list-all List everything added for or enabled in a zone [P] [Z] --list-services List services added for a zone [P] [Z] --timeout=<timeval> Enable an option for timeval time, where timeval is a number followed by one of letters 's' or 'm' or 'h' Usable for options marked with [T] --set-description=<description> Set new description to zone [P only] [Z] --get-description Print description for zone [P only] [Z] --set-short=<description> Set new short description to zone [P only] [Z] --get-short Print short description for zone [P only] [Z] --add-service=<service> Add a service for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-service=<service> Remove a service from a zone [P] [Z] --query-service=<service> Return whether service has been added for a zone [P] [Z] --list-ports List ports added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Add the port for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Remove the port from a zone [P] [Z] --query-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Return whether the port has been added for zone [P] [Z] --list-protocols List protocols added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-protocol=<protocol> Add the protocol for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-protocol=<protocol> Remove the protocol from a zone [P] [Z] --query-protocol=<protocol> Return whether the protocol has been added for zone [P] [Z] --list-source-ports List source ports added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Add the source port for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Remove the source port from a zone [P] [Z] --query-source-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Return whether the source port has been added for zone [P] [Z] --list-icmp-blocks List Internet ICMP type blocks added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-icmp-block=<icmptype> Add an ICMP block for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-icmp-block=<icmptype> Remove the ICMP block from a zone [P] [Z] --query-icmp-block=<icmptype> Return whether an ICMP block has been added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-icmp-block-inversion Enable inversion of icmp blocks for a zone [P] [Z] --remove-icmp-block-inversion Disable inversion of icmp blocks for a zone [P] [Z] --query-icmp-block-inversion Return whether inversion of icmp blocks has been enabled for a zone [P] [Z] --list-forward-ports List IPv4 forward ports added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-forward-port=port=<portid>[-<portid>]:proto=<protocol>[:toport=<portid>[-<portid>]][:toaddr=<address>[/<mask>]] Add the IPv4 forward port for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-forward-port=port=<portid>[-<portid>]:proto=<protocol>[:toport=<portid>[-<portid>]][:toaddr=<address>[/<mask>]] Remove the IPv4 forward port from a zone [P] [Z] --query-forward-port=port=<portid>[-<portid>]:proto=<protocol>[:toport=<portid>[-<portid>]][:toaddr=<address>[/<mask>]] Return whether the IPv4 forward port has been added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-masquerade Enable IPv4 masquerade for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-masquerade Disable IPv4 masquerade for a zone [P] [Z] --query-masquerade Return whether IPv4 masquerading has been enabled for a zone [P] [Z] --list-rich-rules List rich language rules added for a zone [P] [Z] --add-rich-rule=<rule> Add rich language rule 'rule' for a zone [P] [Z] [T] --remove-rich-rule=<rule> Remove rich language rule 'rule' from a zone [P] [Z] --query-rich-rule=<rule> Return whether a rich language rule 'rule' has been added for a zone [P] [Z] Options to Handle Bindings of Interfaces --list-interfaces List interfaces that are bound to a zone [P] [Z] --add-interface=<interface> Bind the <interface> to a zone [P] [Z] --change-interface=<interface> Change zone the <interface> is bound to [Z] --query-interface=<interface> Query whether <interface> is bound to a zone [P] [Z] --remove-interface=<interface> Remove binding of <interface> from a zone [P] [Z] Options to Handle Bindings of Sources --list-sources List sources that are bound to a zone [P] [Z] --add-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset> Bind the source to a zone [P] [Z] --change-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset> Change zone the source is bound to [Z] --query-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset> Query whether the source is bound to a zone [P] [Z] --remove-source=<source>[/<mask>]|<MAC>|ipset:<ipset> Remove binding of the source from a zone [P] [Z] Helper Options --new-helper=<helper> --module=<module> [--family=<family>] Add a new helper [P only] --new-helper-from-file=<filename> [--name=<helper>] Add a new helper from file with optional name [P only] --delete-helper=<helper> Delete an existing helper [P only] --load-helper-defaults=<helper> Load helper default settings [P only] --info-helper=<helper> Print information about an helper --path-helper=<helper> Print file path of an helper [P only] --get-helpers Print predefined helpers --helper=<helper> --set-description=<description> Set new description to helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --get-description Print description for helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --set-short=<description> Set new short description to helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --get-short Print short description for helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --add-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Add a new port to helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --remove-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Remove a port from helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --query-port=<portid>[-<portid>]/<protocol> Return whether the port has been added for helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --get-ports List ports of helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --set-module=<module> Set module to helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --get-module Get module from helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --set-family={ipv4|ipv6|} Set family for helper [P only] --helper=<helper> --get-family Get module from helper [P only] Direct Options --direct First option for all direct options --get-all-chains Get all chains [P] --get-chains {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> Get all chains added to the table [P] --add-chain {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> Add a new chain to the table [P] --remove-chain {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> Remove the chain from the table [P] --query-chain {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> Return whether the chain has been added to the table [P] --get-all-rules Get all rules [P] --get-rules {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> Get all rules added to chain in table [P] --add-rule {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> <priority> <arg>... Add rule to chain in table [P] --remove-rule {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> <priority> <arg>... Remove rule with priority from chain in table [P] --remove-rules {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> Remove rules from chain in table [P] --query-rule {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <table> <chain> <priority> <arg>... Return whether a rule with priority has been added to chain in table [P] --passthrough {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>... Pass a command through (untracked by firewalld) --get-all-passthroughs Get all tracked passthrough rules [P] --get-passthroughs {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>... Get tracked passthrough rules [P] --add-passthrough {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>... Add a new tracked passthrough rule [P] --remove-passthrough {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>... Remove a tracked passthrough rule [P] --query-passthrough {ipv4|ipv6|eb} <arg>... Return whether the tracked passthrough rule has been added [P] Lockdown Options --lockdown-on Enable lockdown. --lockdown-off Disable lockdown. --query-lockdown Query whether lockdown is enabled Lockdown Whitelist Options --list-lockdown-whitelist-commands List all command lines that are on the whitelist [P] --add-lockdown-whitelist-command=<command> Add the command to the whitelist [P] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-command=<command> Remove the command from the whitelist [P] --query-lockdown-whitelist-command=<command> Query whether the command is on the whitelist [P] --list-lockdown-whitelist-contexts List all contexts that are on the whitelist [P] --add-lockdown-whitelist-context=<context> Add the context context to the whitelist [P] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-context=<context> Remove the context from the whitelist [P] --query-lockdown-whitelist-context=<context> Query whether the context is on the whitelist [P] --list-lockdown-whitelist-uids List all user ids that are on the whitelist [P] --add-lockdown-whitelist-uid=<uid> Add the user id uid to the whitelist [P] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-uid=<uid> Remove the user id uid from the whitelist [P] --query-lockdown-whitelist-uid=<uid> Query whether the user id uid is on the whitelist [P] --list-lockdown-whitelist-users List all user names that are on the whitelist [P] --add-lockdown-whitelist-user=<user> Add the user name user to the whitelist [P] --remove-lockdown-whitelist-user=<user> Remove the user name user from the whitelist [P] --query-lockdown-whitelist-user=<user> Query whether the user name user is on the whitelist [P] Panic Options --panic-on Enable panic mode --panic-off Disable panic mode --query-panic Query whether panic mode is enabled