T-SQL

• 时间：2017-09-11 整理：byzqy

题目：有个年度统计表，结构如下：

怎么样把这个表，查询成这样一个结果：

这是在面试过程中遇到的一个关于数据库的题，没有一点思路，不知它考查到的知识点是什么，如何下手？

网上搜了一下，有哥们儿说这是典型的“行转列问题”，好像用到“交叉表查询”，下面看看具体的代码！

文件：SQLQuery1.sql

/*
环境：Microsoft SQL Server 2012
工具: Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio
数据库: Interview
数据表: statistic
详情:
year        month        amount
1991        1            1.1
1991        2            1.2
1991        3            1.3
1991        4            1.4
1992        1            2.1
1992        2            2.2
1992        3            2.3
1992        4            2.4
(char(10))    (int)        (float)
查询成如下结果:
year    m1     m2     m3     m4
1991    1.1    1.2    1.3    1.4
1992    2.1    2.2    2.3    2.4
*/

--方法1
SELECT
  year,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 1  THEN  amount ELSE 0 END )  AS  m1,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 2  THEN  amount ELSE 0 END )  AS  m2,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 3  THEN  amount ELSE 0 END )  AS  m3,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 4  THEN  amount ELSE 0 END )  AS  m4
FROM
  statistic
GROUP  BY
  year

-->查询结果:
    year    m1     m2     m3     m4
    1991    1.1    1.2    1.3    1.4
    1992    2.1    2.2    2.3    2.4

--方法2
SELECT 
  year,
  MAX(CASE month WHEN 1 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m1,
  MAX(CASE month WHEN 2 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m2, 
  MAX(CASE month WHEN 3 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m3,
  MAX(CASE month WHEN 4 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m4
FROM statistic
GROUP BY year

-->查询结果:
    year    m1     m2     m3     m4
    1991    1.1    1.2    1.3    1.4
    1992    2.1    2.2    2.3    2.4

--方法3
SELECT year, 
(SELECT amount FROM statistic m WHERE month=1 AND m.year=statistic.year) AS m1,
(SELECT amount FROM statistic m WHERE month=2 AND m.year=statistic.year) AS m2,
(SELECT amount FROM statistic m WHERE month=3 AND m.year=statistic.year) AS m3,
(SELECT amount FROM statistic m WHERE month=4 AND m.year=statistic.year) AS m4
FROM statistic GROUP BY year

-->查询结果:
    year    m1     m2     m3     m4
    1991    1.1    1.2    1.3    1.4
    1992    2.1    2.2    2.3    2.4

运行结果：

代码分解：

--方法1变形:将代码中的0改为1,计算SUM,看看会发生什么
SELECT
  year,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 1  THEN  amount ELSE 1 END )  AS  m1,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 2  THEN  amount ELSE 1 END )  AS  m2,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 3  THEN  amount ELSE 1 END )  AS  m3,
  SUM  (  CASE  WHEN  month = 4  THEN  amount ELSE 1 END )  AS  m4
FROM
  statistic
GROUP  BY
  year

-->查询结果:
    year    m1     m2     m3     m4
    1991    4.1    4.2    4.3    4.4
    1992    5.1    5.2    5.3    5.4

--方法2变形1:将MAX关键字换为MIN
SELECT 
  year,
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 1 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m1,
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 2 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m2, 
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 3 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m3,
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 4 THEN amount ELSE 0 END) m4
FROM statistic
GROUP BY year

-->查询结果:
    year    m1   m2   m3   m4
    1991    0    0    0    0
    1992    0    0    0    0

--方法2变形2:将MAX关键字换为MIN,并将0换为1
SELECT 
  year,
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 1 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m1,
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 2 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m2, 
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 3 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m3,
  MIN(CASE month WHEN 4 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m4
FROM statistic
GROUP BY year

-->查询结果:
    year    m1   m2   m3   m4
    1991    1    1    1    1
    1992    1    1    1    1

--方法2变形3:将MAX关键字换为SUM,并将0换为1
SELECT 
  year,
  SUM(CASE month WHEN 1 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m1,
  SUM(CASE month WHEN 2 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m2, 
  SUM(CASE month WHEN 3 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m3,
  SUM(CASE month WHEN 4 THEN amount ELSE 1 END) m4
FROM statistic
GROUP BY year

-->查询结果:
    year    m1     m2     m3     m4
    1991    4.1    4.2    4.3    4.4
    1992    5.1    5.2    5.3    5.4

以上整理，如有错误之处或有更好的方法，请看到朋友不吝指正，谢谢！

参考文章：

https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/550776347.html

https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/486996750.html

https://www.zybang.com/question/0ac74f3ae058071e80274e23d5e1042a.html