[转]如何监控MySQL性能？

一，获取mysql用户下的进程总数

ps -ef | awk '{print $1}' | grep "mysql" | grep -v "grep" | wc-1

二，主机性能状态

# uptime

[root@ ~]# uptime
 13:05:52 up 53 days, 52 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

三，CPU使用率

# top
或
# vmstat

四，磁盘IO量

# vmstat 或 # iostat
五，swap进出量[内存]

# free
六，数据库性能状态
(1)QPS(每秒Query量)
QPS = Questions(or Queries) / seconds
mysql > show /*50000 global */ status like 'Question';

(2)TPS(每秒事务量)
TPS = (Com_commit + Com_rollback) / seconds
mysql > show status like 'Com_commit';
mysql > show status like 'Com_rollback';

(3)key Buffer 命中率
key_buffer_read_hits = (1-key_reads / key_read_requests) * 100%
key_buffer_write_hits = (1-key_writes / key_write_requests) * 100%

mysql> show status like 'Key%';

(4)InnoDB Buffer命中率
innodb_buffer_read_hits = (1 - innodb_buffer_pool_reads / innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests) * 100%

mysql> show status like 'innodb_buffer_pool_read%';

(5)Query Cache命中率
Query_cache_hits = (Qcahce_hits / (Qcache_hits + Qcache_inserts )) * 100%;

mysql> show status like 'Qcache%';
(6)Table Cache状态量
mysql> show status like 'open%';

(7)Thread Cache 命中率
Thread_cache_hits = (1 - Threads_created / connections ) * 100%

mysql> show status like 'Thread%';

mysql> show status like 'Connections';

(8)锁定状态
mysql> show status like '%lock%';

(9)复制延时量
mysql > show slave status

(10) Tmp Table 状况(临时表状况)
mysql > show status like 'Create_tmp%';
(11) Binlog Cache 使用状况
mysql > show status like 'Binlog_cache%';

(12) Innodb_log_waits 量
mysql > show status like 'innodb_log_waits';

开源监控软件
一，RRDTool
二，Nagios
三，MRTG
四，Cacti