redhat 7.2更新yum源时踩的坑

一、update yum

1、先查看redhat7.2中yum的包版本
[root@localhost jiayimeng]#  rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch
yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-132.el7.noarch
 
2、删除原有的yum包
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# rpm -e yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch yum-3.4.3-132.el7.noarch --nodeps
警告：/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf 已另存为 /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf.rpmsave
 
3、在各大开源镜像站下载对应包
163： 
aliyun： 
中科大：
 
4、下载并ftp到redhat server
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# ll
总用量 1472
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1288436 12月 22 17:13 yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   28348 12月 22 17:13 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   32776 12月 22 17:13 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   25592 12月 22 17:13 yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  120184 12月 22 17:13 yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
 
5、安装软件包
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# rpm -ivh yum-*
警告：yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
    python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 被 yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch 需要
    rpm >= 0:4.11.3-22 被 yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch 需要
     
6、报错，依赖包的版本不符
解决方案有两个，一是在网上找低版本rpm包安装，二是将所依赖的python-urlgrabber和rpm包升级，我这里用第二个方法
----下载----
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
--2017-12-22 17:18:59--  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 123.58.190.235, 123.58.190.228, 123.58.190.236, ...
正在连接 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.190.235|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：1216680 (1.2M) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm”
 
100%[====================>] 1,216,680   2.29MB/s 用时 0.5s   
 
2017-12-22 17:19:00 (2.29 MB/s) - 已保存 “rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm” [1216680/1216680])
 
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm
--2017-12-22 17:19:44--  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 123.58.190.235, 123.58.190.234, 123.58.190.237, ...
正在连接 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.190.235|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：110540 (108K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm”
 
100%[====================>] 110,540      462KB/s 用时 0.2s   
 
2017-12-22 17:19:44 (462 KB/s) - 已保存 “python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm” [110540/110540])
 
----升级----
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps
警告：rpm-4.11.3-25.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:rpm-4.11.3-25.el7                ################################# [ 50%]
正在清理/删除...
   2:rpm-4.11.3-17.el7                ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# rpm -Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps
警告：python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7     ################################# [ 50%]
正在清理/删除...
   2:python-urlgrabber-3.10-7.el7     ################################# [100%]
    
 
7、更新yum源
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# rm /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo 
rm：是否删除普通文件 "/etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo"？y
[root@localhost jiayimeng]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
 
8、清除yum缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
 
9、生成缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache 
已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
          : subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
base                                   | 3.6 kB     00:00     
extras                                 | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates                                | 3.4 kB     00:00     
(1/12): base/x86_64/group_gz             | 156 kB   00:00     
(2/12): base/x86_64/filelists_db         | 6.7 MB   00:02     
(3/12): base/x86_64/primary_db           | 5.7 MB   00:01     
(4/12): base/x86_64/other_db             | 2.5 MB   00:00     
(5/12): extras/x86_64/prestodelta        |  71 kB   00:00     
(6/12): extras/x86_64/filelists_db       | 528 kB   00:00     
(7/12): extras/x86_64/other_db           |  96 kB   00:00     
(8/12): extras/x86_64/primary_db         | 145 kB   00:00     
(9/12): updates/x86_64/prestodelta       | 605 kB   00:01     
(10/12): updates/x86_64/filelists_db     | 2.8 MB   00:01     
(11/12): updates/x86_64/other_db         | 492 kB   00:00     
(12/12): updates/x86_64/primary_db       | 4.6 MB   00:00     
Determining fastest mirrors
元数据缓存已建立

二、踩坑

    在第6步报错时，我在安装新版本的rpm包时，未使用-Uvh参数，而是使用-ivh参数附加--nodeps，这时安装失败，按照网上的方法，加上了--force参数，导致rpm包依赖出现问题报错为

/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/rpm/_rpm.so: 未定义符号: rpmpkgVerifySigs

   这样的话，水平有限，只能重装解决。总结教训，rpm的强制忽略依赖关系参数易导致版本间出现问题。铭记！