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.NET中消息队列RabbitMQ的使用

概述

　　MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。AMQP(高级消息队列协议) 是一个异步消息传递所使用的应用层协议规范，作为线路层协议，而不是API（例如JMS），AMQP 客户端能够无视消息的来源任意发送和接受信息。AMQP的原始用途只是为金融界提供一个可以彼此协作的消息协议，而现在的目标则是为通用消息队列架构提供通用构建工具。因此，面向消息的中间件（MOM）系统，例如发布/订阅队列，没有作为基本元素实现。AMQP当中有四个概念非常重要（一个虚拟主机持有一组交换机、队列和绑定）：

virtual host，虚拟主机
exchange，交换机
queue，队列
binding，绑定

Window下安装RabbbitMQ

文件下载安装

Rabbit MQ 是建立在强大的Erlang OTP平台上，因此安装Rabbit MQ的前提是安装Erlang。通过下面两个连接下载安装3.2.3 版本：

下载并安装 Erlang OTP For Windows (vR16B03)
运行安装 Rabbit MQ Server Windows Installer (v3.2.3)

默认安装的Rabbit MQ 监听端口是5672。先安装Erlang OTP后安装RabbitMQ，安装方式默认即可，RabbitMQ可以勾选安装后台服务、服务启动和停止等操作。

激活Rabbit MQ's Management Plugin

使用Rabbit MQ 管理插件，可以更好的可视化方式查看Rabbit MQ 服务器实例的状态，打开CMD命令，cd到安装目录（.. abbitmq_server-3.2.3sbin）下，输入下面的命令激活：

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

要重启服务才能生效，可以执行

net stop RabbitMQ && net start RabbitMQ

输入网址，打开监控页面： http://localhost:15672 (默认账号和密码：guest 和guest)

配置RabbitMQ用户权限

RabbitMQ是存在用户权限的，默认是guest 密码也是guest，隶属于Administrator管理员下。现需要配置新用户和权限，继续打开CMD命令，cd到安装目录sbin下：

用户操作指令：

::查询服务状态
rabbitmqctl status
 
 
::列举虚拟主机列表
rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
::列举用户列表
rabbitmqctl list_users
 
:: 添加用户和密码
rabbitmqctl  add_user  hao  abc123
 
:: 设置权限  
rabbitmqctl  set_permissions  yy  ".*"  ".*"  ".*"
 
:: 分配用户组
rabbitmqctl  set_user_tags yy administrator
 
:: 删除guest用户
rabbitmqctl delete_user guest
::修改用户密码
rabbitmqctl change_password {username}  {newpassowrd}

像ADO.Net的五大对象也是，操作数据库先进行连接connection,然后使用command过滤出要选择的数据，使用DataReader或DataSet、DataAdapter,在RabbitMQ的使用当中也有基本固定的步骤。

一、生产者

1.创建连接connection:不管是生产者还是消费者都需要先于RabbitMQ服务器连接，才能进行数据交换

2.创建通道 Channel:生产者、消费者的消息传递是在通道下传递的

3.声明交换器、队列

4.交换器与队列进行绑定

5.通过交换器BasicPublish数据到队列

二、消费者

1.创建连接 :和生产者一样

2.创建通道:和生产者一样

3.声明交换器、队列

4.交换器与队列进行绑定

5.通过BasicGet方法获取队列中的数据

上面一、二是大致的基本步骤，按照大致的步骤来基本不会出现大的问题，其实生产者和消费者的前4个步骤基本一样，主要是第5个步骤，一个是生产BasicPublish发布，一个是获取Get。

三、出现的错误

在ConnectionFactory创建连接对象时出现上面提到的bug:None of the specified endpoints were reachable.

四、demo

1.首先在生产者端和消费者端引入RabbitMQ

2.生产者端

using RabbitMQ.Client;
using System;
using System.Text;

namespace RabbitMQProduct
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Welcome to RabbitMQ Product!");
            DirectExchangeSendMsg();
            // TopicExchangeSendMsg();
            Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 连接配置
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory()
        {
            UserName = "howdyadmin",
            Password = "123456",
            Port = 5672,
            VirtualHost = "howdyVirtualHost"
        };
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名称
        /// </summary>
        const string ExchangeName = "howdy.exchange";

        //队列名称
        const string QueueName = "howdy.queue";

        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名称
        /// </summary>
        const string TopExchangeName = "topic.howdy.exchange";

        //队列名称
        const string TopQueueName = "topic.howdy.queue";


        /// <summary>
        ///  单点精确路由模式
        /// </summary>
        public static void DirectExchangeSendMsg()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);

                    var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                    props.Persistent = true;
                    string vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    while (vadata != "exit")
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata);
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName, basicProperties: props, body: msgBody);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***发送时间:{0}，发送完成，输入exit退出消息发送",
                            DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
                        vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// topic 模糊匹配模式，符号“#”匹配一个或多个词，符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”，但是“log.*” 只会匹配到“log.error”
        /// </summary>
        public static void TopicExchangeSendMsg()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName,ExchangeType.Topic, durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName);
                    //var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
                    //props.Persistent = true;
                    string vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    while (vadata != "exit")
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata);
                        channel.BasicPublish(exchange: TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName, basicProperties: null, body: msgBody);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***发送时间:{0}，发送完成，输入exit退出消息发送", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
                        vadata = Console.ReadLine();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

上面的代码分别创建了两个路由和两个队列，一种是DirectExchange，一种是TopicExchange，验证时需要生产者和消费者使用同一种的ExChange。

3.消费者端

using RabbitMQ.Client;
using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
using System;
using System.Text;

namespace RabbitMQConsumer
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Welcome to RabbitMQ Consumer!");
            //DirectAcceptExchange();
             //DirectAcceptExchangeEvent();
            DirectAcceptExchangeTask();
            //TopicAcceptExchange();
            Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 连接配置
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory()
        {
            HostName = "127.0.0.1",
            UserName = "howdyadmin",
            Password = "123456",
            Port = 5672,
            VirtualHost = "howdyVirtualHost"
        };
        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名称
        /// </summary>
        const string ExchangeName = "howdy.exchange";

        //队列名称
        const string QueueName = "howdy.queue";

        /// <summary>
        /// 路由名称
        /// </summary>
        const string TopExchangeName = "topic.howdy.exchange";

        //队列名称
        const string TopQueueName = "topic.howdy.queue";


        /// <summary>
        /// 基于时间轮询的，每隔一段时间获取一次
        /// </summary>
        public static void DirectAcceptExchange()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);
                    while (true)
                    {
                        BasicGetResult msgResponse = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, true);
                        if (msgResponse != null)
                        {
                            var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(msgResponse.Body);
                            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));
                        }

                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 基于事件的，当消息到达时触发事件，获取数据
        /// </summary>
        public static void DirectAcceptExchangeEvent()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);
                    var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                    consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));
                    };
                    channel.BasicConsume(QueueName,  true, consumer: consumer);
                    Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序");
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 基于事件的，当消息到达时触发事件，获取数据
        /// </summary>
        public static void DirectAcceptExchangeTask()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);//告诉broker同一时间只处理一个消息
                    //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName);
                    var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                    consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));
                        int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1;
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000);
                        //处理完成，告诉Broker可以服务端可以删除消息，分配新的消息过来
                        channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);
                    };
                    //noAck设置false,告诉broker，发送消息之后，消息暂时不要删除，等消费者处理完成再说
                    channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, false, consumer: consumer);

                    Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序");
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// topic 模糊匹配模式，符号“#”匹配一个或多个词，符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”，但是“log.*” 只会匹配到“log.error”
        /// </summary>
        public static void TopicAcceptExchange()
        {
            using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection())
            {
                using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel())
                {
                    channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName, ExchangeType.Topic, durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null);
                    channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);
                    channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName);
                    var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
                    consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                    {
                        var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body);
                        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody));
                        int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1;
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000);
                        Console.WriteLine(" [x] Done");
                        channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false);
                    };
                    channel.BasicConsume(TopQueueName,  false, consumer: consumer);

                    Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序");
                    Console.ReadKey();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

消费者端也是两个路由两个队列，在实现DirectExchange时使用了三种方式，DirectAcceptExchange是基于时间轮询的，每隔一段时间获取一次，DirectAcceptExchangeEvent、DirectAcceptExchangeTask是基于事件的，当消息到达时触发事件，获取数据。

4.实验截图

参考原文地址(感谢分享)：

https://www.cnblogs.com/personblog/p/10681741.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/5ishare/p/6784149.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/xibei666/p/5931267.html#3680686

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/leecore/p/11867973.html