概述
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列(MQ)是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的,可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。AMQP(高级消息队列协议) 是一个异步消息传递所使用的应用层协议规范,作为线路层协议,而不是API(例如JMS),AMQP 客户端能够无视消息的来源任意发送和接受信息。AMQP的原始用途只是为金融界提供一个可以彼此协作的消息协议,而现在的目标则是为通用消息队列架构提供通用构建工具。因此,面向消息的中间件 (MOM)系统,例如发布/订阅队列,没有作为基本元素实现。AMQP当中有四个概念非常重要(一个虚拟主机持有一组交换机、队列和绑定):
virtual host
,虚拟主机exchange
,交换机queue
,队列binding
,绑定
Window下安装RabbbitMQ
文件下载安装
Rabbit MQ 是建立在强大的Erlang OTP平台上,因此安装Rabbit MQ的前提是安装Erlang。通过下面两个连接下载安装3.2.3 版本:
- 下载并安装 Erlang OTP For Windows (vR16B03)
- 运行安装 Rabbit MQ Server Windows Installer (v3.2.3)
默认安装的Rabbit MQ 监听端口是5672。先安装Erlang OTP后安装RabbitMQ,安装方式默认即可,RabbitMQ可以勾选安装后台服务、服务启动和停止等操作。
激活Rabbit MQ's Management Plugin
使用Rabbit MQ 管理插件,可以更好的可视化方式查看Rabbit MQ 服务器实例的状态,打开CMD命令,cd到安装目录(.. abbitmq_server-3.2.3sbin)下,输入下面的命令激活:
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
要重启服务才能生效,可以执行
net stop RabbitMQ && net start RabbitMQ
输入网址,打开监控页面: http://localhost:15672 (默认账号和密码:guest 和guest)
配置RabbitMQ用户权限
RabbitMQ是存在用户权限的,默认是guest 密码也是guest,隶属于Administrator管理员下。现需要配置新用户和权限,继续打开CMD命令,cd到安装目录sbin下:
用户操作指令:
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::查询服务状态 rabbitmqctl status ::列举虚拟主机列表 rabbitmqctl list_vhosts ::列举用户列表 rabbitmqctl list_users :: 添加用户和密码 rabbitmqctl add_user hao abc123 :: 设置权限 rabbitmqctl set_permissions yy ".*" ".*" ".*" :: 分配用户组 rabbitmqctl set_user_tags yy administrator :: 删除guest用户 rabbitmqctl delete_user guest ::修改用户密码 rabbitmqctl change_password {username} {newpassowrd} |
像ADO.Net的五大对象也是,操作数据库先进行连接connection,然后使用command过滤出要选择的数据,使用DataReader或DataSet、DataAdapter,在RabbitMQ的使用当中也有基本固定的步骤。
一、生产者
1.创建连接connection:不管是生产者还是消费者都需要先于RabbitMQ服务器连接,才能进行数据交换
2.创建通道 Channel:生产者、消费者的消息传递是在通道下传递的
3.声明交换器、队列
4.交换器与队列进行绑定
5.通过交换器BasicPublish数据到队列
二、消费者
1.创建连接 :和生产者一样
2.创建通道:和生产者一样
3.声明交换器、队列
4.交换器与队列进行绑定
5.通过BasicGet方法获取队列中的数据
上面一、二是大致的基本步骤,按照大致的步骤来基本不会出现大的问题,其实生产者和消费者的前4个步骤基本一样,主要是第5个步骤,一个是生产BasicPublish发布,一个是获取Get。
三、出现的错误
在ConnectionFactory创建连接对象时出现上面提到的bug:None of the specified endpoints were reachable.
四、demo
1.首先在生产者端和消费者端引入RabbitMQ
2.生产者端
using RabbitMQ.Client; using System; using System.Text; namespace RabbitMQProduct { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Welcome to RabbitMQ Product!"); DirectExchangeSendMsg(); // TopicExchangeSendMsg(); Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 连接配置 /// </summary> private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() { UserName = "howdyadmin", Password = "123456", Port = 5672, VirtualHost = "howdyVirtualHost" }; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string ExchangeName = "howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string QueueName = "howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string TopExchangeName = "topic.howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string TopQueueName = "topic.howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 单点精确路由模式 /// </summary> public static void DirectExchangeSendMsg() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties(); props.Persistent = true; string vadata = Console.ReadLine(); while (vadata != "exit") { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata); channel.BasicPublish(exchange: ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName, basicProperties: props, body: msgBody); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***发送时间:{0},发送完成,输入exit退出消息发送", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); vadata = Console.ReadLine(); } } } } /// <summary> /// topic 模糊匹配模式,符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”,但是“log.*” 只会匹配到“log.error” /// </summary> public static void TopicExchangeSendMsg() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName,ExchangeType.Topic, durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName); //var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties(); //props.Persistent = true; string vadata = Console.ReadLine(); while (vadata != "exit") { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata); channel.BasicPublish(exchange: TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName, basicProperties: null, body: msgBody); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***发送时间:{0},发送完成,输入exit退出消息发送", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); vadata = Console.ReadLine(); } } } } } }
上面的代码分别创建了两个路由和两个队列,一种是DirectExchange,一种是TopicExchange,验证时需要生产者和消费者使用同一种的ExChange。
3.消费者端
using RabbitMQ.Client; using RabbitMQ.Client.Events; using System; using System.Text; namespace RabbitMQConsumer { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Welcome to RabbitMQ Consumer!"); //DirectAcceptExchange(); //DirectAcceptExchangeEvent(); DirectAcceptExchangeTask(); //TopicAcceptExchange(); Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 连接配置 /// </summary> private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "127.0.0.1", UserName = "howdyadmin", Password = "123456", Port = 5672, VirtualHost = "howdyVirtualHost" }; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string ExchangeName = "howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string QueueName = "howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string TopExchangeName = "topic.howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string TopQueueName = "topic.howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 基于时间轮询的,每隔一段时间获取一次 /// </summary> public static void DirectAcceptExchange() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); while (true) { BasicGetResult msgResponse = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, true); if (msgResponse != null) { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(msgResponse.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0},消息内容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); } System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); } } } } /// <summary> /// 基于事件的,当消息到达时触发事件,获取数据 /// </summary> public static void DirectAcceptExchangeEvent() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel); consumer.Received += (model, ea) => { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0},消息内容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); }; channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, true, consumer: consumer); Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } } } /// <summary> /// 基于事件的,当消息到达时触发事件,获取数据 /// </summary> public static void DirectAcceptExchangeTask() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);//告诉broker同一时间只处理一个消息 //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel); consumer.Received += (model, ea) => { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0},消息内容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1; System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000); //处理完成,告诉Broker可以服务端可以删除消息,分配新的消息过来 channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false); }; //noAck设置false,告诉broker,发送消息之后,消息暂时不要删除,等消费者处理完成再说 channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, false, consumer: consumer); Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } } } /// <summary> /// topic 模糊匹配模式,符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”,但是“log.*” 只会匹配到“log.error” /// </summary> public static void TopicAcceptExchange() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName, ExchangeType.Topic, durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false); channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName); var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel); consumer.Received += (model, ea) => { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0},消息内容:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1; System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000); Console.WriteLine(" [x] Done"); channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false); }; channel.BasicConsume(TopQueueName, false, consumer: consumer); Console.WriteLine("按任意值,退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } } } } }
消费者端也是两个路由两个队列,在实现DirectExchange时使用了三种方式,DirectAcceptExchange是基于时间轮询的,每隔一段时间获取一次,DirectAcceptExchangeEvent、DirectAcceptExchangeTask是基于事件的,当消息到达时触发事件,获取数据。
4.实验截图
参考原文地址(感谢分享):
https://www.cnblogs.com/personblog/p/10681741.html