函数释义
Python中默认安装的ftplib模块定义了FTP类，其中函数有限，可用来实现简单的ftp客户端，用于上传或下载文件，函数列举如下
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ftp登陆连接from ftplib import FTP #加载ftp模块ftp=FTP() #设置变量ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打开调试级别2，显示详细信息ftp.connect("IP","port") #连接的ftp sever和端口ftp.login("user","password") #连接的用户名，密码print ftp.getwelcome() #打印出欢迎信息ftp.cmd("xxx/xxx") #进入远程目录bufsize=1024 #设置的缓冲区大小filename="filename.txt" #需要下载的文件file_handle=open(filename,"wb").write #以写模式在本地打开文件ftp.retrbinaly("RETR filename.txt",file_handle,bufsize) #接收服务器上文件并写入本地文件ftp.set_debuglevel(0) #关闭调试模式ftp.quit() #退出ftpftp相关命令操作ftp.cwd(pathname) #设置FTP当前操作的路径ftp.dir() #显示目录下所有目录信息ftp.nlst() #获取目录下的文件ftp.mkd(pathname) #新建远程目录ftp.pwd() #返回当前所在位置ftp.rmd(dirname) #删除远程目录ftp.delete(filename) #删除远程文件ftp.rename(fromname, toname)#将fromname修改名称为toname。ftp.storbinaly("STOR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #上传目标文件ftp.retrbinary("RETR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #下载FTP文件 |
FTP.quit()与FTP.close()的区别
- FTP.quit():发送QUIT命令给服务器并关闭掉连接。这是一个比较“缓和”的关闭连接方式，但是如果服务器对QUIT命令返回错误时，会抛出异常。
- FTP.close()：单方面的关闭掉连接，不应该用在已经关闭的连接之后，例如不应用在FTP.quit()之后。
例1：下载、上传文件
#coding: utf-8
from ftplib import FTP
import time
import tarfile
#!/usr/bin/python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from ftplib import FTP
def ftpconnect(host, username, password):
ftp = FTP()
#ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打开调试级别2，显示详细信息
ftp.connect(host, 21) #连接
ftp.login(username, password) #登录，如果匿名登录则用空串代替即可
return ftp
def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
bufsize = 1024 #设置缓冲块大小
fp = open(localpath,'wb') #以写模式在本地打开文件
ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize) #接收服务器上文件并写入本地文件
ftp.set_debuglevel(0) #关闭调试
fp.close() #关闭文件
def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath):
bufsize = 1024
fp = open(localpath, 'rb')
ftp.storbinary('STOR '+ remotepath , fp, bufsize) #上传文件
ftp.set_debuglevel(0)
fp.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
ftp = ftpconnect("******", "***", "***")
downloadfile(ftp, "***", "***")
uploadfile(ftp, "***", "***")
ftp.quit()
例2：上传、下载文件/目录
#coding:utf-8
from ctypes import *
import os
import sys
import ftplib
class myFtp:
ftp = ftplib.FTP()
bIsDir = False
path = ""
def __init__(self, host, port='21'):
#self.ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打开调试级别2，显示详细信息
#self.ftp.set_pasv(0) #0主动模式 1 #被动模式
self.ftp.connect( host, port )
def Login(self, user, passwd):
self.ftp.login( user, passwd )
print self.ftp.welcome
def DownLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile):
file_handler = open( LocalFile, 'wb' )
self.ftp.retrbinary( "RETR %s" %( RemoteFile ), file_handler.write )
file_handler.close()
return True
def UpLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile):
if os.path.isfile( LocalFile ) == False:
return False
file_handler = open(LocalFile, "rb")
self.ftp.storbinary('STOR %s'%RemoteFile, file_handler, 4096)
file_handler.close()
return True
def UpLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir):
if os.path.isdir(LocalDir) == False:
return False
print "LocalDir:", LocalDir
LocalNames = os.listdir(LocalDir)
print "list:", LocalNames
print RemoteDir
self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir )
for Local in LocalNames:
src = os.path.join( LocalDir, Local)
if os.path.isdir( src ): self.UpLoadFileTree( src, Local )
else:
self.UpLoadFile( src, Local )
self.ftp.cwd( ".." )
return
def DownLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir):
print "remoteDir:", RemoteDir
if os.path.isdir( LocalDir ) == False:
os.makedirs( LocalDir )
self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir )
RemoteNames = self.ftp.nlst()
print "RemoteNames", RemoteNames
print self.ftp.nlst("/del1")
for file in RemoteNames:
Local = os.path.join( LocalDir, file )
if self.isDir( file ):
self.DownLoadFileTree( Local, file )
else:
self.DownLoadFile( Local, file )
self.ftp.cwd( ".." )
return
def show(self, list):
result = list.lower().split( " " )
if self.path in result and "<dir>" in result:
self.bIsDir = True
def isDir(self, path):
self.bIsDir = False
self.path = path
#this ues callback function ,that will change bIsDir value
self.ftp.retrlines( 'LIST', self.show )
return self.bIsDir
def close(self):
self.ftp.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
ftp = myFtp('*****')
ftp.Login('***','***')
ftp.DownLoadFileTree('del', '/del1')#ok
ftp.UpLoadFileTree('del', "/del1" )
ftp.close()
print "ok!"
注：目录内为文件，若为目录则无法传输
例3：异常处理
#coding: utf-8
#from ftplib import FTP
import ftplib
import socket
import os
def ftpconnect(ftp_info):
try:
ftp = ftplib.FTP(ftp_info[0])
except (socket.error, socket.gaierror):
print "ERROR: cannot reach %s" % ftp_info[0]
return None
username = ftp_info[1]
passwd = ftp_info[2]
try:
ftp.login(username, passwd)
except ftplib.error_perm:
print "ERROR: cannot login anonymously"
ftp.quit()
return None
return ftp
if __name__ == "__main__":
info_list = ["10.19.3.199", "fastupdate_amap", "@utonavi&A.map"]
ftp = ftpconnect(info_list)
if not ftp:
exit(1)
bufsize = 1024
fname = "20150416113942674.tar.gz"
fp = open(os.path.join(".", fname), 'wb')
remotefile = os.path.join("/ADF++", fname)
ftp.retrbinary("RETR " + remotefile, fp.write, bufsize)
#是否有目录，没有就创建；有的话看是否有权限创建
a = ftp.dir()
try:
ftp.cwd("jimi")
except ftplib.error_perm:
try:
ftp.mkd("jimi")
except ftplib.error_perm:
print "WARNING: U have no authority to make dir"
finally:
ftp.quit()