Linux 安装 MySQL

一、准备工作

1. mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz，下载地址；

二、创建MySQL用户

1. su – root
2. 创建mysql用户
   
3. 创建数据和日志目录
   
4. 目录赋予权限
   

三、解压安装包

1. 通过xshell等工具将安装包上传到Linux中；
2. 解压安装包；
   
3. 修改目录权限
   

四、修改配置文件

1. 复制my.cnf配置文件
   
   
   

   [client]
   port            = 3306
   socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
   secure_auth     = false
   
   [mysqld]
   port            = 3306
   socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
   datadir         = /home/mysql/mysql3306
   #read_only       = on
   
   #--- GLOBAL ---#
   character_set_server    = utf8
   lower_case_table_names  = 1
   log-output              = FILE
   log-error               = /home/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
   #general_log
   general_log_file        = /home/mysql/logs/mysql.log
   pid-file                = /home/mysql/mysql.pid
   slow-query-log          = 1
   slow_query_log_file     = /home/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log
   tmpdir                  = /tmp/
   long_query_time         = 2
   innodb_force_recovery   = 0
   #innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
   #innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
   #--------------#
   
   #thread_concurrency      = 8  
   thread_cache_size       = 51  
   table_open_cache        = 16384
   open_files_limit        = 65535
   table_definition_cache  = 16384
   sort_buffer_size        = 2M
   join_buffer_size        = 2M
   read_buffer_size        = 2M
   read_rnd_buffer_size    = 8M
   key_buffer_size         = 32M
   bulk_insert_buffer_size = 16M
   myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
   tmp_table_size          = 32M
   max_heap_table_size     = 16M 
   query_cache_size       = 32MB
   
   #gtid_mode=on
   #log_slave_updates=1
   #enforce_gtid_consistency=1
   
   #--- NETWORK ---#
   back_log                = 103
   max-connections         = 512
   max_connect_errors    = 100000
   max_allowed_packet      = 32M
   interactive_timeout     = 600
   wait_timeout            = 600
   skip-external-locking
   #max_user_connections    = 0
   external-locking        = FALSE
   #skip-name-resolve
   
   #--- REPL ---#
   server-id               = 1103306
   sync_binlog             = 1
   log-bin                 = mysql-bin
   binlog_format           = row
   expire_logs_days        = 10
   relay-log               = relay-log
   replicate-ignore-db     = test
   log_slave_updates       =1
   #skip-slave-start
   binlog_cache_size       =4M
   max_binlog_cache_size   =8M
   max_binlog_size         =1024M
   
   
   
   #--- INNODB ---#
   default_storage_engine          = InnoDB
   innodb_data_file_path           = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
   innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 1040M
   innodb_buffer_pool_instances    = 1
   innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
   innodb_log_files_in_group       = 2
   innodb_log_file_size            = 256MB
   innodb_log_buffer_size          = 16M
   innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2
   innodb_lock_wait_timeout        = 30
   innodb_flush_method             = O_DIRECT
   innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct      = 75
   innodb_io_capacity              = 200
   innodb_thread_concurrency       = 32
   innodb_open_files               = 65535
   innodb_file_per_table           = 1
   transaction_isolation           = REPEATABLE-READ
   innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog  = 0
   #innodb_purge_thread            = 4
   skip_name_resolve               = 1
   [mysqldump]
   quick
   max_allowed_packet = 32M
   
   
   [mysql]
   auto-rehash
   # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
   #safe-updates
   default_character_set=utf8
   
   
   [mysqlhotcopy]
   interactive-timeout

   
   字段解释

#字段解释#
[mysqld]
    port   = 3306  mysql的启动的端口
    socket  = /tmp/mysql3306.sock  (在启动的时候mysqld会自动生成,以socket文件的通信性质,只能本地登录)
    datadir  = /home/mysql/mysql3306   (数据目录)
    log-error   = /home/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
    (INFO WARN ERROR)

    server-id = 1103306(IP后两位+端口 192.168.1.10   3306)
    innodb_buffer_pool_size  = 512M
    (50%--75%)内存的总大小

五、配置服务

vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
修改两处位置：
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql_data

六、初始化MySQL (只需要做一次)

七、配置环境变量

1. 添加MySQL到”/etc/profile”,并更新系统环境变量；
   

#在"/etc/profile"中添加如下配置
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

八、启动MySQL服务

1. 删除系统中其他数据库客户端(若安装过其他数据库)；

rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql* 
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

1. 启动MySQL服务
   

九、进入数据库

1. 第一次进入数据库；
   /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
   
   

2.通过用户名及密码登录数据库客户端(前提是配置了密码)
   mysql -uroot -p

十、权限管理

1. 查看用户信息；
   select user,host,password from mysql.user;
   
2. 设置root本地权限及密码；
   grant all on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by 'root';
   
3. 删除没有密码的用户，并创建jack用户；
   delete from mysql.user where password ='';
   

十一、进入数据库流程

1. 启动MySQL 服务；
   mysqld_safe --user=root &
2. 登录数据库客户端；
   mysql -uroot -p