7.26作业

chapter02 - 03 作业

1、分别用cat ac l三个命令查看文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件中的内容，并用自己的话总计出这三个文档操作命令的不同之处？

[root@localhost ~]# cat -n /etc/ssh/sshd_config

     1    #       $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.93 2014/01/10 05:59:19 djm Exp $

     2   

     3    # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See

     4    # sshd_config(5) for more information.

     5   

     6    # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

     7   

     8    # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with

     9    # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where

    10    # possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the

11    # default value.

[root@localhost ~]# tac /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#   ForceCommand cvs server

#   PermitTTY no

#   AllowTcpForwarding no

#   X11Forwarding no

#Match User anoncvs

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis

Subsystem   sftp    /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

# override default of no subsystems

[root@localhost ~]# nl /etc/ssh/sshd_config

     1  #   $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.93 2014/01/10 05:59:19 djm Exp $

      

     2  # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See

     3  # sshd_config(5) for more information.

      

     4  # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

      

     5  # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with

     6  # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where

     7  # possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the

     8  # default value.

总结：cat 正序查看默认条件下不带序号;tac 倒序查看不带序号；nl 正序默认带行号

2、分别用more和less查看/etc/ssh/sshd_config里面的内容，请用总结more和less两个命令的相同和不同之处？

[root@localhost ~]# more /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#       $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.93 2014/01/10 05:59:19 djm Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See

# sshd_config(5) for more information.

[root@localhost ~]# less /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#       $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.93 2014/01/10 05:59:19 djm Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See

# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

总结：more 全屏方式分页显示文件内容 回车翻一行 空格翻一页

           Less Pgup/PgDn翻页 且“/”可在文件内容中查找自己想要的内容

3、将/etc/passwd文件中的前20行重定向保存到/root下改名为20_pass.txt,将/etc/passwd文件中的后15行重定向保存到/root下改名为：pass_15.txt

[root@localhost ~]# head -20 /etc/passwd > /root/20_pass.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/20_pass.txt

/root/20_pass.txt

[root@localhost ~]# cat -n /root/20_pass.txt

     1    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

     2    bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

     3    daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

     4    adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

     5    lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

     6    sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

     7    shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

     8    halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

     9    mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10    operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

    11    games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

    12    ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

    13    nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

    14    dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

    15    polkitd:x:999:999:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

    16    tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

    17    usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

    18    colord:x:998:997:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

    19    ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

20    libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost ~]# tail -15 /etc/passwd > /root/pass_15.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/pass_15.txt

/root/pass_15.txt

[root@localhost ~]# nl /root/pass_15.txt

     1    nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

     2    qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

     3    chrony:x:995:994::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

     4    abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

     5    sssd:x:994:993:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin

     6    avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

     7    unbound:x:993:992:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

     8    pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

     9    gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

    10    gnome-initial-setup:x:992:990::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

    11    postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

    12    sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

    13    avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

    14    tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

    15    liuxuehui:x:1000:1000:liuxuehui:/home/liuxuehui:/bin/bash

4、请用一个命令统计/etc/hosts文件包含有多少行？多少字节？多少单词数?

[root@localhost ~]# wc -lcw /etc/hosts

  2  10 158 /etc/hosts

5、练习使用grep和egrep

5.1.通过grep管道工具过滤出ifconfig命令显示信息中的IP字段？

5.2.将/etc/passwd文件中的前20行重定向保存到/root下名称为pass？

[root@localhost ~]# head -20 /etc/passwd > /root/pass

[root@localhost ~]# cat -n /root/pass

     1    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

     2    bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

     3    daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

     4    adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

     5    lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

     6    sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

     7    shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

     8    halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

     9    mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10    operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

    11    games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

    12    ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

    13    nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

    14    dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

    15    polkitd:x:999:999:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

    16    tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

    17    usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

    18    colord:x:998:997:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

    19    ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

    20    libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

5.3.过滤/etc/passwd文件中含有/sbin/nologin 的行并统计行数？

[root@localhost ~]# grep -n "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd

2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

14:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

15:polkitd:x:999:999:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

16:tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

17:usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

18:colord:x:998:997:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

19:ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

20:libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

21:saslauth:x:996:76:"Saslauthd user":/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

22:rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

23:rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

24:radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

25:rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

26:nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

27:qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

28:chrony:x:995:994::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

29:abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

30:sssd:x:994:993:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin

31:avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

32:unbound:x:993:992:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

33:pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

34:gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

35:gnome-initial-setup:x:992:990::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

36:postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

37:sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

38:avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

39:tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost ~]# grep  "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd |wc -l

35

5.4 过滤/etc/passwd文件中以sh结尾的行,及以 root开头的行,不显示包含login的行？

[root@localhost ~]# grep -v "login" /etc/passwd |grep -E "^root|sh$" /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

liuxuehui:x:1000:1000:liuxuehui:/home/liuxuehui:/bin/bash

5.5 分别用grep和egrep过滤出/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件中不包含“#”开头和空白的行？

[root@localhost ~]# grep -vE "^#|^$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV

AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

PasswordAuthentication yes

ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

GSSAPIAuthentication yes

GSSAPICleanupCredentials no

UsePAM yes

X11Forwarding yes

UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox             # Default for new installations.

AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES

AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT

AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE

AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

Subsystem       sftp  /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

[root@localhost ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/ssh/sshd_config

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV

AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

PasswordAuthentication yes

ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

GSSAPIAuthentication yes

GSSAPICleanupCredentials no

UsePAM yes

X11Forwarding yes

UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox             # Default for new installations.

AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES

AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT

AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE

AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

Subsystem       sftp  /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

6.1 通过tar命令将/etc/passwd文件打包压缩成/root/file.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# tar czf file.tar.gz /etc/passwd

tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  file.tar.gz

6.2通过tar命令将/etc/passwd文件打包压缩成/root/file.tar.bz2

[root@localhost ~]# tar cjf file.tar.bz2 /etc/passwd

tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”

6.3创建空文件夹/web/test1，并将file.tar.bz2 解包并释放到/web/test1目录下？

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv /web/test1

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web"

mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/test1"

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf file.tar.bz2 -C /web/test1/

[root@localhost ~]# ls /web/test1

etc

[root@localhost ~]# ls /web/test1/etc

Passwd

7.1 通过vi编辑/web/test1/passwd文件将文件里为root单词全部替换成benet。

[root@localhost ~]# vi /web/test1/etc/passwd

benet:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

:% s/root/benet

7.2 通过vi编辑 删除pass文件第1、5、10行。

[]#vi passwd

删除光标所在行：dd

7.3 在vi中显示pass文件行号复制文件2 3 4行粘贴到以lp开头的行下。

命令：：2，4 co 5

2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

      3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

      4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

      5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

      6 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

      7 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

      8 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

7.4 通过vi编辑 查找文件内包含mail var等字符串，并记录所在行号。

Mail:12.

Var: 12.15.21.23.25.28.29.31.34.36.37.39.41

7.5 通过vi编辑 快速跳转到文件的第二行，通过r 读取 /etc/hosts 文件的内容到第二行下。

命令：:2

           :r /etc/hosts

[root@localhost ~]# vi /web/test1/etc/passwd

 

      1 benet:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

      2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

      3 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

      4 ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

7.6将更改后的文件使用vim另存为/root/new_pass。

命令：:w /root/new_pass

     36 gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

     37 gnome-initial-setup:x:992:990::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

"~/new_pass" [New] 42L, 2212C written

7.7将new_pass文件压缩成gz格式并改名为npass.gz文件。

[root@localhost ~]# gzip new_pass

[root@localhost ~]# mv new_pass.gz npass.gz

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  file.tar.bz2  npass.gz

[root@localhost ~]#

8统计/dev 目录下的文件数量。

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/ |wc -l

156

9.1在/boot下查找文件名以vmlinuz开头的文件？

[root@localhost ~]# ls /boot |grep "^vmlinuz"

vmlinuz-0-rescue-c43eaf3ef3b64d11a613792d9fc1f180

vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64

9.2在/boot下查找文件大小大于3M 小于 20M 的文件

[root@localhost ~]# find /boot -size +3M -a -size -20M

/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64

/boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-c43eaf3ef3b64d11a613792d9fc1f180

/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.img

10 请详细写出构建本地yum仓库的步骤？并在每行命令后面用自己的话做上中文注释？

umount /media/------------------------------------------卸载光盘

mount /dev/sr0 /media/--------------------------------挂载光盘

cd /etc/yum.r*--------------------------------------------构建本地YUM仓库文档

mkdir a/

mv ./C* a/

vi ./local.repo------------------------------------------------创建本地YUM文档

         [cdrom]------------------------------------------------仓库名称

         Name=cdrom

         Baseurl=file:///media-----------------------------指定rpm包的位置

         Enabled=1-------------------------------------------启用本地YUM仓库

         Gpgcheck=0----------------------------------------禁用gpg校验

yum -y clean all----------------------------------------------清除YUM缓存

yum makecache---------------------------------------------重建YUM缓存

11、用yum命令安装vsftpd,查询安装情况，最后卸载vsftpd，并再次查询卸载情况？

[root@localhost ~]# yum list vsftpd

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn

 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn

 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn

已安装的软件包

vsftpd.x86_64                                     3.0.2-25.el7 

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove vsftpd

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks

正在解决依赖关系

--> 正在检查事务

---> 软件包 vsftpd.x86_64.0.3.0.2-25.el7 将被 删除

--> 解决依赖关系完成

[root@localhost ~]# yum list vsftpd

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn

 * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn

 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn

可安装的软件包

vsftpd.x86_64                                     3.0.2-25.el7                                      base

[root@localhost ~]#

12、用rpm命令安装vsftpd,查询安装情况，最后卸载vsftpd，并再次查询卸载情况？

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name "vsftpd*.rpm"

find: ‘/proc/37955’: 没有那个文件或目录

find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: 权限不够

/media/Packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ihv /media/Packages/vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm

准备中...                          ################################# [100%]

正在升级/安装...

   1:vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7               ################################# [100%]

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd

vsftpd-3.0.2-9.el7.x86_64

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e vsftpd

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd

未安装软件包 vsftpd

13、通过源码方式通过解包、配置、编译、安装四个步骤安装源码软件httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz？并进行测试？