Webservice与CXF框架快速入门

1. Webservice

Webservice是一套远程调用技术规范

远程调用RPC, 实现了系统与系统进程间的远程通信.
java领域有很多可实现远程通讯的技术，如：RMI(Socket + 序列化)、Binary-RPC(Http+二进制, 代表Hessian)、XML-RPC(Http+XML, 代表Burlap, WebService用的SOAP)、JMS(使用消息机制)、Mina(使用NIO)等, 底层都是基于http/socket和网络IO来实现的.
从效率上来讲, RMI > Hessian >> Burlap >> web service.

构成webservice的几个要素:

1.WSDL：web服务描述语言. 即webservice服务的使用说明书, 自动生成，无需编写

通过访问类似http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl的地址可以查看
它长如下这样子, 阅读顺序从下往上

2.SOAP：简单对象访问协议   http post + xml
必有 envelope 标签，将XML文档标识为一条 SOAP 消息
必有 body 标签，传输的信息
可选 header 标签，包含头部信息
可选 fault 标签，提供有关在处理此消息所发生错误的信息

SOAP常用有1.1, 1.2两个版本. jdk的Jaxws只支持发布SOAP1.1服务.

如要SOAP1.2服务, 需要引入jaxws-ri, 并在实现类上加入注解@BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING)

3.UDDI：提供webservice服务的注册和搜索功能, 不实用

服务端

public interface WeatherInterface {
    public String queryWeather(String cityName);
}

// 实现类前加WebService注解
//@BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING)
@WebService
public class WeatherImpl implements WeatherInterface {

    @Override
    public String queryWeather(String cityName) {
        String weather = "晴";
        return weather;
    }
}

public class WeatherServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Endpoint发布服务, 参数1: 服务地址, 参数2: 服务实现类
        Endpoint.publish("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather", new WeatherImpl());
    }
}

对于定义的服务实现类, 可以用注解进行修饰

@WebService 定义服务，在类上边

targetNamespace：指定命名空间

name：portType的名称

portName：port的名称

serviceName：服务名称

endpointInterface：如果一个服务类实现了多个服务接口，但只需要发布一个接口的方法，可通过此注解指定要发布服务的接口

@WebMethod 定义方法，在方法上边

operationName：方法名

exclude：设置为true表示此方法不是webservice方法，不会发布，默认是false

@WebResult 定义返回值，在方法返回值前边

name：返回结果值的名称

@WebParam 定义参数，在方法参数前边

name：指定参数的名称

客户端

首先, 用命令wsimport -s . http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl生成支持类, 导入工程中

第一种使用方式 使用相关类

public class Client1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // WSDL的地址, 非服务地址
        URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather?wsdl");
        //创建服务名称
        //参数一: namespaceURI – WSDL文档中  types/targetNamespace
        //参数二: localPart - 服务视图名, WSDL文档中 service-name
        QName qname = new QName("http://WebXml.com.cn/", "WeatherWS");
        //创建服务视图
        //参数1: wsdlDocumentLocation  WSDL地址
        //参数2: serviceName  服务名称
        Service service = Service.create(url, qname);
        //获取服务类  getPort(WSDL文档中portType-name)
        WeatherWSSoap weatherWSSoap = service.getPort(WeatherWSSoap.class);
        //调用方法   WSDL文档中portType-operation-name
        String result = weatherWSSoap.queryWeather("北京");
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}

第二种使用方式  http工具访问

public class Client2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 服务地址
        URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather");
        // 创建连接对象
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        // 设置参数
        // Http发送方式：POST必须大写
        connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        // content-type
        connection.setRequestProperty("content-type", "text/xml;charset=utf-8");
        // 设置输入输出，默认connection没有读写权限，
        connection.setDoInput(true);
        connection.setDoOutput(true);
        // 发送请求
        String soapXML = getXML("北京");
        OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
        os.write(soapXML.getBytes());
        // 接收响应
        int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
        if(200 == responseCode){
            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
            
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            String temp = null;
            while(null != (temp = br.readLine())){
                sb.append(temp);
            }
            System.out.println(sb.toString());
            
            is.close();
            isr.close();
            br.close();
        }
        os.close();
    }
    
    // 组织SOAP数据
    public static String getXML(String cityName){
        String soapXML = "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>"
        +"<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">"
            +"<soap:Body>"
            +"<getWeatherInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">"
                +"<cityName>"+cityName+"</cityName>"
              +"<userID></userID>"
            +"</getWeatherInfo>"
          +"</soap:Body>"
        +"</soap:Envelope>";
        return soapXML;
    }
}

第三种使用方式  浏览器访问

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Document</title>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    function queryWeather() {
        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        xhr.open("post", "http://127.0.0.1:12345/weather", true);
        xhr.setRequestHeader("content-type","text/xml;charset=utf-8");
        //设置回调函数
        xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){
            if(4 == xhr.readyState && 200 == xhr.status){
                alert(xhr.responseText);
            }
        }
        //组织SOAP协议数据
        var soapXML = "<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>"
        +"<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">"
            +"<soap:Body>"
            +"<getWeatherInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">"
                +"<cityName>"+document.getElementById("cityName").value+"</cityName>"
              +"<userID></userID>"
            +"</getWeatherInfo>"
          +"</soap:Body>"
        +"</soap:Envelope>";
        //发送数据
        xhr.send(soapXML);
    }
  </script>
 </head>
 <body>
       天气查询:<input type="text" id="cityName"/> <input type="button" value="查询" onclick="javascript:queryWeather();"/>
 </body>
</html>

2. CXF框架

CXF是一个开源的webservice框架
CXF支持SOAP1.1/1.2，REST 协议
CXF支持XML，JSON(仅REST下) 的数据格式

服务端  JAX-WS方式(SOAP)

//@BindingType(SOAPBinding.SOAP12HTTP_BINDING)  默认发布SOAP1.1, 该注解发布SOAP1.2
@WebService
public interface WeatherInterface {
    public String queryWeather(String cityName);
}

public class WeatherImpl implements WeatherInterface {
    @Override
    public String queryWeather(String cityName) {
        String weather = "晴";
        return weather;
    }
}

//与spring整合后可不要该类
public class WeatherServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JaxWsServerFactoryBean jaxWsServerFactoryBean = new JaxWsServerFactoryBean();
        //设置服务接口
        jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setServiceClass(WeatherInterface.class);
        //设置服务实现类
        jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setServiceBean(new WeatherImpl());
        //设置服务地址
        jaxWsServerFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/weather");
        //发布
        jaxWsServerFactoryBean.create();
    }
}

与web整合, spring+CXFservlet替代WeatherServer类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
    xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd
                            http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd
                            http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd">
    
    <!-- 服务实现类 -->
    <bean id ="weatherImpl" class="com.zx.server.WeatherImpl"/>
     
    <!-- 拦截器  --
    <bean id ="inIntercepter" class="org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingInInterceptor"/>
    <bean id ="outIntercepter" class="org.apache.cxf.interceptor.LoggingOutInterceptor"/>
    -->
    
    <!-- 方式1 用JaxWsServerFactoryBean发布SOAP协议的服务 -->
    <jaxws:server address="/weather" serviceClass="com.zx.server.WeatherInterface">
        <jaxws:serviceBean>
            <ref bean="weatherImpl"/>  <!-- 实现类 -->
        </jaxws:serviceBean>
        <!-- 配置拦截器 --
        <jaxws:inInterceptors>
            <ref bean="inIntercepter"/>
        </jaxws:inInterceptors>
        <jaxws:outInterceptors>
            <ref bean="outIntercepter"/>
        </jaxws:outInterceptors>
        -->
    </jaxws:server>

    <!-- 方式2 用Endpoint发布SOAP协议的服务 -->    
    <jaxws:endpoint address="/weather" implementor="com.zx.server.WeatherImpl"/>        
</beans>

endPoint 只支持发布实现类
JaxWsServerFactoryBean还可以发布接口

web.xml

  <!-- 配置CXF的Servlet -->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

客户端

首先, 类似wsimport, 使用CXF下的Wsdl2java生成支持类, 导入工程中

public class WeatherClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JaxWsProxyFactoryBean jaxWsProxyFactoryBean = new JaxWsProxyFactoryBean();
        //设置服务接口
        jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.setServiceClass(WeatherInterface.class);
        //设置服务地址
        jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/weather");
        //获取服务接口, 可与spring整合替代
        WeatherInterface weatherInterface = jaxWsProxyFactoryBean.create(WeatherInterface.class);
        //调用查询方法
        String weather = weatherInterface.queryWeather("保定");
        System.out.println(weather);
    }
}

与spring整合后由spring生成weatherInterface实例

　　<!-- 用JaxWsProxyFactoryBean建立客户端 -->    
    <jaxws:client id="weatherClient" address="http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/weather" serviceClass="com.zx.WeatherInterface"/>

服务端  JAX-RS方式(REST风格)

基础bean

@XmlRootElement(name="student")  //能被格式化为XML
public class Student {
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private Date birthday;
    public getXXX(), setXXX();  // get set方法
}

服务接口

@WebService
@Path("/student") //将请求路径“/student”映射到接口上
public interface StudentInterface {

    @POST // 指定请求方式 GET / POST
    @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML) //指定服务数据类型 XML / JSON
    @Path("/query/{id}")  //将请求路径/query映射到方法上, 参数注入配合@PathParam注解
    public Student query(@PathParam("id")long id);
    
    @GET
    @Produces({"application/json;charset=utf-8",MediaType.APPLICATION_XML})  //同时指定json和xml, 添加访问参数?_type=json返回json; 添加?_type=xml返回XML
    @Path("/queryList/{name}")
    public List<Student> queryList(@PathParam("name")String name);
}

服务实现, 仅举例

public class StudentImpl implements StudentInterface {
    @Override
    public Student query(long id) {
        Student st = new Student();
        st.setId(110);
        st.setName("张三");
        st.setBirthday(new Date());
        return st;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> queryList(String name) {
        Student st = new Student();
        st.setId(110);
        st.setName("张三");
        st.setBirthday(new Date());
        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
        list.add(st);
        return list;
    }
}

发布

public class StudentServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //JAXRSServerFactoryBean 发布REST的服务
        JAXRSServerFactoryBean jaxRSServerFactoryBean = new JAXRSServerFactoryBean();
        jaxRSServerFactoryBean.setServiceBean(new StudentImpl());
        jaxRSServerFactoryBean.setResourceClasses(StudentImpl.class);
        jaxRSServerFactoryBean.setAddress("http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/user");
        jaxRSServerFactoryBean.create();
    }
}

与web整合, spring+CXFservlet替代StudentServer类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
    xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs" xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd
                            http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd
                            http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd">
    <!-- 配置服务实现类 -->
    <bean id = "studentImpl" class="com.zx.StudentImpl"/>
    
    <!-- 使用JAXRSServerFactoryBean发布REST的服务 -->    
    <jaxrs:server address="/user">
        <jaxrs:serviceBeans>
            <ref bean="studentImpl"/>
        </jaxrs:serviceBeans>
    </jaxrs:server>
</beans>

web.xml

  <!-- 配置CXF的Servlet -->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>CXF</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

REST风格下WSDL访问网址为http://127.0.0.1:12345/ws/user?_wadl