zabbix API基本使用方法介绍

前言：

  以下内容根据zabbix 3.2官方文档总结：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.2/manual/api

  此文档只是简单的介绍API的基本使用，关于一些完整功能或高级功能将在后续的博文中展现

调用Zabbix api使用的是HTTP的POST请求方式

其中请求的头部为：

1	{"Content-Type": "application/json-rpc"}

请求的URL为：

1	http://zabbix.aek.com/api_jsonrpc.php

如果url中包含目录需要把目录写上，如http://zabbix.aek.com/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php，最后就是请求的数据（data），比如获取Token，创建主机，获取主机ID，获取模板ID，获取组ID，删除主机等。

接下以以Python调用 API为例，例出用法案例：

测试连接是否成功

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf:8
 
import requests
import json
 
url = "http://zabbix.aek.com/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type": "application/json-rpc"}
data = {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"apiinfo.version","id":1,"auth":None,"params":{}}
request = requests.post(url=url, headers=header, data=json.dumps(data))
print(request.content)

上面的data用来测试是否可连接成功，官方文档中auth的值为null，但在python中null用None表示，所以需要改成None。

成功后返回值大概如下：会显示zabbix版本

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"3.2.3","id":1}

获取Token

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf:8
 
import requests
import json
 
url = "http://zabbix.aek.com/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type": "application/json-rpc"}
data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0",
        "method": "user.login",
        "params": {
            "user": "Admin",
            "password": "zabbix"
        },
        "id": 1,
        "auth": None
        }
request = requests.post(url=url, headers=header, data=json.dumps(data))
print(request.content)

成功后返回值如下：会返回一个Token

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"391277f070a3ebc5b2afe9cf466cb74c","id":1}

最后以一个完整的Python脚本通过zabbix API获取所有主机的信息为例：

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf:8
 
import requests
import json
 
class Zabbix:
 
    def __init__(self, url, header, username, password):
 
        self.url = url
        self.header = header
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
 
    def getToken(self):
        #获取Token并返回字符Token字符串
 
        data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0",
                "method": "user.login",
                "params": {
                    "user": self.username,
                    "password": self.password
                },
                "id": 1,
                "auth": None
                }
        token = requests.post(url=self.url, headers=self.header, data=json.dumps(data))
        return json.loads(token.content)["result"]
     
    def getAllHost(self):
        #获取所有主机信息
 
        data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0",
                "method": "host.get",
                "params": {
                    "output": [
                        "hostid",
                        "host",
                    ],
                    "selectGroups": "extend",
                    "selectInterfaces": [
                        "interfaceid",
                        "ip"
                    ]
                },
                "id": 2,
                "auth": self.getToken()
                }
        hosts = requests.post(url=self.url, headers=self.header, data=json.dumps(data))
        return json.loads(hosts.content)["result"]
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    header = {"Content-Type": "application/json-rpc"}
    url="http://zabbix.aek.com/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
    test = Zabbix(url=url, header=header, username="Admin", password="zabbix")
    print(test.getAllHost())