初级美语 L123 An Accident 解析

一、Reading

Sally and her husband, Jack, have both been driving for three years. Jack has always driven very carefully. He has never been in an accident. Sally, however, has never been a good driver. She has alread gotten into four accidents this year. Each time she has had an accident, she has claimed that it was not her fault. Yesterday, Sally drove into a tree. She blamed it on the tree, saying that she honked the horn but the tree didn't get out of the way.

二、解析

■ Sally and her husband, Jack, have both been driving for three years.

• 时态：现在完成进行时被动语态
• 主：Sally and her husband,
• 同：（who is）Jack,
• 状：both（adv.都...）
• 谓：have been driving
• 时状：for three years.
  • 介：for
  • 宾：three years.

■ Jack has always driven very carefully.

• 时态：现在完成时
• 主：Jack
• 状：always
• 谓：has driven
• 状：very carefully.

drive：三态 drive、drove、driven.

■ He has never been in an accident.

• 时态：现在完成时
• 主：He
• 状：never
• 系：has been
• 表：in an accident.
  • 介：in
  • 宾：an accident.

■ Sally, however, has never been a good driver.

• 时态：现在完成时
• 状：however
• 主：Sally
• 状：never
• 系：has been
• 表：a good driver.

■ She has alread gotten into four accidents this year.

• 时态：现在完成时
• 主：She
• 状：alread
• 谓：has gotten into
• 宾：four accidents
• 时状：this year.

■ Each time she has had an accident, she has claimed that it was not her fault.

• 时态：现在完成时
• 时状：Each tim
• 主：she
• 谓：has had
• 宾：an acciden
• 主：she
• 谓：has claimed
• 宾：that it was not her fault.
  • 引：that
  • 主：it
  • 系：was
  • 状：not
  • 表：her fault.

■ Yesterday, Sally drove into a tree.

• 时态：一般过去时
• 时状：Yesterday
• 主：Sally
• 谓：drove into
• 宾：a tree.

■ She blamed it on the tree, saying that she honked the horn but the tree didn't get out of the way.

• 时状：一般过去时
• 主：She
• 谓：blamed
• 宾：it
• 地状：on the tree
• 主补：saying that she honked the horn but the tree didn't get out of the way. （分词短语）
  • 谓：saying
  • 宾：that she honked the horn but the tree didn't get out of the way.
    • 时态：一般过去时
    • 引：that
    • 主：she
    • 谓：honked
    • 宾：the horn
    • 连：but
    • 主：the tree
    • 谓：didn't get out of
    • 地装：the way.

get out of：逃避；避免

三、语法

1. blame 的用法。
2. claim 的用法。
3. 复习现在完成时。
4. 复习现在完成进行时。
5. 动词变成现在分词作补足的用法。

以上语法详见教材讲解。