【转载】Stanford CoreNLP Typed Dependencies

总结自Stanford typed dependencies manual

原文链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/5c461cf096c4

依存关系描述句子中词与词之间的各种语法关系。一句句子可以表示成如下的依存关系树。

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CoreNLP中的依存关系有50来种（都是二元的关系），下面总结：

• 1. acomp: adjectival complement
  用于动词的形容词补语。
  动词-->形容词
  “She looks very beautiful.” acomp(looks,beautiful)

• 2. advcl: adverbial clause modifier
  修饰动词的状语从句。
  主句中的动词-->从句中的主要成分
  “The accident happened as the night was falling” advcl(happened, falling)

• 3. advmod: adverb modifier 
  （非从句）的副词。
  被修饰者-->副词
  “Genetically modified food” advmod(modified, genetically)

• 4. agent: agent
  用于补充过去时态的动词，通常跟着介词“by”。
  过去时态的动词-->补充的名词
  “The man has been killed by the police” agent(killed, police)

• 5. amod: adjectival modifier
  修饰名词短语的形容修饰语。
  名词短语-->形容修饰语
  “Sam eats red meat” amod(meat, red)

• 6. appos: appostional modifier
  修饰名词短语的名词短语（通常紧挨着）
  被修饰的名词短语-->名词短语
  “Bill ( John ’s cousin ) ” appos(Bill, cousin)

• 7. aux: auxiliary
  助动词
  动词-->助动词
  “Reagan has died ”aux(died, has)

• 8. auxpass: passive auxiliary
  过去式的助动词
  动词-->过去式的助动词
  “Kennedy has been killed” auxpass(killed, been)

• 9. cc: coordination
  第一个并列词--> 协同关系词
  “Bill is big and honest” cc(big, and)

• 10. ccomp: clausal complement
  被补充说明的词-->补语从句的主要成分（决定语义的词）
  “He says that you like to swim” ccomp(says, like)

• 11. conj: conjunct
  用协同连词（and、or）连接的两个元素
  第一个元素-->第二个元素
  “Bill is big and honest” conj(big, honest)

• 12. cop: copula
  系动词
  表语-->系动词
  “Bill is big” cop(big, is)

• 13. csubj: clausual subject
  主语从句
  谓语动词-->主语从句中的主要成分
  “What she said makes sense” csubj(makes, said)

• 14. csubjpass: clausal passive subject
  主从被动关系
  谓语动词（被动）-->主语从句中的主要成分
  “That she lied was suspected by everyone” csubjpass(suspected, lied)

• 15. dep: dependent
  系统无法识别的依赖关系
  “Then, as if to show that he could, . . . ” dep(show, if)

• 16. det: determiner
  限定词
  名词短语-->限定词
  “The man is here” det(man, the)

• 17. discourse: discourse element
  句子主要部分-->感叹词、语气词
  "Iguazu is in Argentina :) " discourse(is, :))

• 18. dobj: direct object
  动词（给予）-->直接宾语
  “She gave me a raise” dobj(gave, raise)

• 19. expl: expletive
  从句的主要动词-->there
  “There is a ghost in the room” expl(is, There)

• 20. goeswith: goes with
  两个本来应该连在一起的词
  第二部分-->第一部分
  They come here with out legal permission gosewith(out, with)

• 21. iobj: indirect object
  动词（给予）-->间接宾语
  “She gave me a raise” iobj(gave, me)

• 22. mark: marker
  从句的主要成分-->从句修饰的主体（标记语）
  ”He says that you like to swim“ marker(swim,that)

• 23. mwe: multi-word expression
  固定搭配
  “I like dogs as well as cats” mwe(well, as)

• 24. neg: negation modifier
  否定修饰
  被修饰词-->否定词
  “Bill is not a scientist” neg(scientist, not)

• 25. nn: noun compound modifier
  名词合成修饰
  “Oil price futures” nn(futures, oil) nn(futures, price)

• 26. npadvmod: noun phrase as adverbial modifier
  名词短语作为副词修饰
  副词修饰的词-->名词
  “The director is 65 years old” npadvmod(old, years)

• 27. nsubj: nominal subject
  名词性主语
  句子的主要成分（一般是动词）-->主语
  “Clinton defeated Dole” nsubj(defeated, Clinton)

• 28. nsubjpass: passive nominal subject
  被动的名词主语
  句子的主要成分-->主语（被动）
  “Dole was defeated by Clinton” nsubjpass(defeated, Dole)

• 29. num: numeric modifier
  数词
  名词-->数量
  “Sam ate 3 sheep” num(sheep, 3)

• 30. number: element of compound number
  复合形式的数词
  “I have four thousand sheep” number(thousand, four)

• 31. parataxis: parataxis
  并列
  主要动词-->并列句的主要成分
  “The guy, John said, left early in the morning” parataxis(left, said)

• 32. pcomp: prepositional complement
  介词的补语
  介词-->从句的主要成分
  “We have no information on whether users are at risk” pcomp(on, are)

• 33. pobj: object of a preposition
  介词的宾语
  介词-->宾语
  “I sat on the chair” pobj(on, chair)

• 34. poss: possession modifier
  所属修饰
  拥有者-->拥有物品
  “their offices” poss(offices, their)

• 35. possessive: possessive modifier
  所属修饰
  拥有者-->'s
  “Bill’s clothes” possessive(Bill, ’s)

• 36. preconj: preconjunct
  名词短语的前部-->连词前面出现的词（both、either、neither）
  “Both the boys and the girls are here” preconj(boys, both)

• 37. predet: predeterminer
  名词短语的前部-->在限定词前面出现的词
  “All the boys are here” predet(boys, all)

• 38. prep: prepositional modifier
  介词修饰
  名词-->介词
  “I saw a cat in a hat” prep(cat, in)

• 39. prepc: prepositional clausal modifier
  介词从句修饰
  主句主要词-->从句主要词
  “He purchased it without paying a premium” prepc without(purchased, paying)

• 40. prt: phrasal verb particle
  动词短语
  “They shut down the station” prt(shut, down)

• 41. punct: punctuation
  标点
  “Go home!” punct(Go, !)

• 42. quantmod: quantifier phrase modifier
  数量短语
  数量-->数量修饰
  “About 200 people came to the party” quantmod(200, About)

• 43. rcmod: relative clause modifier
  关系从句修饰
  名词短语的第一个词-->关系动词的主要词
  “I saw the man you love” rcmod(man, love)

• 44. ref: referent
  指代关系
  被指代词-->指代词
  “I saw the book which you bought” ref (book, which)

• 45. root: root
  根节点
  “I love French fries.” root(ROOT, love)

• 46. tmod: temporal modifier
  时间修饰
  句子主要词（通常是动词）-->时间词
  “Last night, I swam in the pool” tmod(swam, night)

• 47. vmod: reduced non-finite verbal modifier
  非谓语动词（to do）修饰
  修饰对象-->非谓语动词
  “Points to establish are . . . ” vmod(points, establish)

• 48. xcomp: open clausal complement
  开放从句（缺少主语的从句）补语
  开放从句的补足对象（动词）-->开放从句的动词
  “He says that you like to swim” xcomp(like, swim)

• 49. xsubj: controlling subject
  开放从句的动词-->实际控制对象（名词）
  “Tom likes to eat fish” xsubj(eat, Tom)