sqlserver的行转列 列转行问题
行转列：
1 使用Case when 方式
CREATE TABLE [StudentScores]
(
[UserName] NVARCHAR(20), --学生姓名
[Subject] NVARCHAR(30), --科目
[Score] FLOAT, --成绩
)
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Nick', '语文', 80
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Nick', '数学', 90
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Nick', '英语', 70
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Nick', '生物', 85
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Kent', '语文', 80
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Kent', '数学', 90
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Kent', '英语', 70
INSERT INTO [StudentScores] SELECT 'Kent', '生物', 85
SELECT * FROM [StudentScores]
--如果我想知道每位学生的每科成绩，而且每个学生的全部成绩排成一行，这样方便
我查看、统计，导出数据
SELECT
UserName,
MAX(CASE Subject WHEN '语文' THEN Score ELSE 0 END) AS '语文',
MAX(CASE Subject WHEN '数学' THEN Score ELSE 0 END) AS '数学',
MAX(CASE Subject WHEN '英语' THEN Score ELSE 0 END) AS '英语',
MAX(CASE Subject WHEN '生物' THEN Score ELSE 0 END) AS '生物'
FROM dbo.[StudentScores]
GROUP BY UserName
2 使用PIVOT 、UNPIVOT运算符
--方式一
DECLARE @cmdText VARCHAR(8000);
DECLARE @tmpSql VARCHAR(8000);
SET @cmdText = 'SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), CreateTime, 120) AS
CreateTime,' + CHAR(10);
SELECT @cmdText = @cmdText + ' CASE PayType WHEN ''' + PayType + ''' THEN
SUM(Money) ELSE 0 END AS ''' + PayType
+ ''',' + CHAR(10) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT PayType FROM
Inpours ) T
SET @cmdText = LEFT(@cmdText, LEN(@cmdText) -2) --注意这里，如果没有加CHAR
(10) 则用LEFT(@cmdText, LEN(@cmdText) -1)
SET @cmdText = @cmdText + ' FROM Inpours GROUP BY CreateTime, PayType
';
SET @tmpSql ='SELECT CreateTime,' + CHAR(10);
SELECT @tmpSql = @tmpSql + ' ISNULL(SUM(' + PayType + '), 0) AS ''' +
PayType + ''',' + CHAR(10)
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT PayType FROM Inpours ) T
SET @tmpSql = LEFT(@tmpSql, LEN(@tmpSql) -2) + ' FROM (' + CHAR(10);
SET @cmdText = @tmpSql + @cmdText + ') T GROUP BY CreateTime ';
PRINT @cmdText
EXECUTE (@cmdText);
--方式二
SELECT
CreateTime,
ISNULL(SUM([支付宝]) , 0) AS [支付宝] ,
ISNULL(SUM([手机短信]) , 0) AS [手机短信] ,
ISNULL(SUM([工商银行卡]), 0) AS [工商银行卡] ,
ISNULL(SUM([建设银行卡]), 0) AS [建设银行卡]
FROM
(
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), CreateTime, 120) AS CreateTime,
CASE PayType WHEN '支付宝' THEN SUM(Money) ELSE 0 END AS '支
付宝' ,
CASE PayType WHEN '手机短信' THEN SUM(Money) ELSE 0 END AS '手
机短信',
CASE PayType WHEN '工商银行卡' THEN SUM(Money) ELSE 0 END AS '工
商银行卡',
CASE PayType WHEN '建设银行卡' THEN SUM(Money) ELSE 0 END AS '建
设银行卡'
FROM Inpours
GROUP BY CreateTime, PayType
) T
GROUP BY CreateTime
--方式三
SELECT
CreateTime, [支付宝] , [手机短信],
[工商银行卡] , [建设银行卡]
FROM
(
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), CreateTime, 120) AS CreateTime,PayType,
Money
FROM Inpours
) P
PIVOT (
SUM(Money)
FOR PayType IN
([支付宝], [手机短信], [工商银行卡], [建设银行卡])
) AS T
ORDER BY CreateTime
--列转行 主要通过 Union all ，max 来实现
CREATE TABLE ProgrectDetail
(
ProgrectName NVARCHAR(20), --工程名称
OverseaSupply INT, --海外供应商供给数量
NativeSupply INT, --国内供应商供给数量
SouthSupply INT, --南方供应商供给数量
NorthSupply INT --北方供应商供给数量
)
INSERT INTO ProgrectDetail
SELECT 'A', 100, 200, 50, 50
UNION ALL
SELECT 'B', 200, 300, 150, 150
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C', 159, 400, 20, 320
UNION ALL
SELECT 'D', 250, 30, 15, 15
-- 使用 Union all 和max
SELECT ProgrectName, 'OverseaSupply' AS Supplier,
MAX(OverseaSupply) AS 'SupplyNum'
FROM ProgrectDetail
GROUP BY ProgrectName
UNION ALL
SELECT ProgrectName, 'NativeSupply' AS Supplier,
MAX(NativeSupply) AS 'SupplyNum'
FROM ProgrectDetail
GROUP BY ProgrectName
UNION ALL
SELECT ProgrectName, 'SouthSupply' AS Supplier,
MAX(SouthSupply) AS 'SupplyNum'
FROM ProgrectDetail
GROUP BY ProgrectName
UNION ALL
SELECT ProgrectName, 'NorthSupply' AS Supplier,
MAX(NorthSupply) AS 'SupplyNum'
FROM ProgrectDetail
GROUP BY ProgrectName
--用UNPIVOT方式
SELECT ProgrectName,Supplier,SupplyNum
FROM
(
SELECT ProgrectName, OverseaSupply, NativeSupply,
SouthSupply, NorthSupply
FROM ProgrectDetail
)T
UNPIVOT
(
SupplyNum FOR Supplier IN
(OverseaSupply, NativeSupply, SouthSupply, NorthSupply )
) P