Maven
1 安装与使用
修改镜像源，增加 jar 包下载速度，比如使用阿里云的源，settings.xml:
<mirrors> <mirror> <id>alimaven</id> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror> </mirrors>
使用 archetype(原型) 插件，生成项目:
mvn -h mvn archetype:generate # interactive mvn -B archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app -DartifactId=my-app # new project one line
执行命令示例:
# run task with lifecycle's phase mvn install mvn clean mvn clean install mvn clean install -U # force refresh # run task with goal directly mvn default:install mvn archetype:help
依赖相关命令:
mvn dependency:help mvn dependency:list mvn dependency:tree mvn dependency:copy mvn dependency:copy-dependencies mvn dependency:copy-dependencies -DoutputDirectory=/tmp/xxx -DincludeScope=compile # 坐标(coordinate): 'groupId:artifactId:version'
生命周期(Lifecycle)
包括以下三种
- default，默认，用于构建项目:
- clean，用于清理
- site，用于搭建网站
default 是默认的生命周期(Lifecycle)，它包括很多步骤(Phase)，主要的有:
| Order | Phase | 默认绑定的 Plugin:Goal |
|---|---|---|
| Order | Phase | 默认绑定的 Plugin:Goal |
| 1 | validate | 空 |
| 2 | compile | resources:resources, compiler:compile |
| 3 | test | resources:testResources, compiler:testCompile, surefire:test |
| 4 | package | maven-war-plugin:3.2.0:war |
| 5 | verify | 空 |
| 6 | install | maven-install-plugin:2.5.2:install |
| 7 | deploy | maven-deploy-plugin:2.8.2:deploy |
它的调用方式为:
mvn install # 将会依次调用 1-6 的 Phase，即执行每个 Phase 所绑定的 Goal
mvn compile # 如果只想编译，并不想测试、打包、安装，那么只需要执行到 compile 即可
另外，clean 用于清理，包括以下 phase:
- pre-clean
- clean
- post-clean
site 生命周期的 phase 有:
- pre-site
- site
- post-site
- site-deploy
POM 参考
https://maven.apache.org/pom.html#What_is_the_POM
POM(Project Object Model) 示例:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!-- The Basics --> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>my-project</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <packaging>jar/war</packaging> <parent>...</parent> <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement> <!-- Project Settings --> <modules> <module>xxx</module> <module>yyy</module> </modules> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion> <xxx.version>1.22222</xxx.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12 | [1.0] | (,1.2] | (,1.0],[1.2,) | LATEST | ${xxx.version}</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile/provided/runtime/test/system</scope> <optional>true</optional> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>tgroupid</groupId> <artifactId>af</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- Build Settings --> <build>...</build> <reporting>...</reporting> <!-- More Project Information --> <name>...</name> <description>...</description> <url>...</url> <inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear> <licenses>...</licenses> <organization>...</organization> <developers>...</developers> <contributors>...</contributors> <!-- Environment Settings --> <repositories> <repository> <id>springsource-repo</id> <name>SpringSource Repository</name> <url>http://repo.springsource.org/release</url> </repository> </repositories> <distributionManagement> <repository> <id>mycompany-repository</id> <name>MyCompany Repository</name> <url>scp://repository.mycompany.com/repository/maven2</url> </repository> </distributionManagement> <issueManagement>...</issueManagement> <ciManagement>...</ciManagement> <mailingLists>...</mailingLists> <scm>...</scm> <prerequisites>...</prerequisites> <pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories> <profiles>...</profiles> </project>
Build Configuration:
<build> <finalName>xxx</finalName> <filters> <filter>src/main/filters/filter.properties</filter> </filters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.3</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
插件配置示例
插件分为两类:
- build plugin
- reporting plugin
配置示例:
<plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-myquery-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <configuration> <!-- 配置参数 --> </configuration> <dependencies> <!-- 配置依赖 --> </dependencies> <executions> <!-- 参与 lifecycle --> <execution> <id>execution1</id> <phase>test</phase> <goals> <goal>query</goal> </goals> <configuration> <url>http://www.foo.com/query</url> <timeout>10</timeout> <options><option>one</option><option>two</option><option>three</option></options> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>execution2</id> <goals><goal>query</goal></goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>echodir</id> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <phase>verify</phase> <inherited>false</inherited> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>Build Dir: ${project.build.directory}</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins>
插件
TOMCAT插件:
<plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <hostName>localhost</hostName> <!-- Default: localhost --> <port>8080</port> <!-- Default: 8080 --> <path>/ccc</path> <!-- Default: /${project.artifactId}--> <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding> <!-- Default: ISO-8859-1 --> </configuration> </plugin>
运行:
mvn tomcat7:run
mvn tomcat7:help
mvn tomcat7:deploy/undeply/redeploy