linux下zip_unzip详解
命令列表：
zip
-q (quiet)
-r (recursive)
-0（level0-level9）
-e (encrypt)
-u (update)
-m (move into zipfile delete original-Source files)
unzip
-d (directory)
-P (password)
-x (exclude)
-o (overwrite)
-n (never overwrite)
-l (list archive)
-t (test compressed archive data)
-v (list verbosely/show version info)
-j (junk paths "do not make directories")
扩展：
zipcloak
zipdetails
zipgrep
zipinfo
zipsplit
环境
[root@osker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@osker ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
安装zip、unzip
[root@osker ~]# yum install -y zip unzip
[root@osker ~]# rpm -qa zip unzip
zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64
unzip-6.0-20.el7.x86_64
zip
如何使用zip压缩一个或多个文件？
[root@osker ~]# touch test{1..5}.txt
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test5.txt
#test为压缩后的文件名，后面跟需要压缩的文件。
[root@osker ~]# zip test test1.txt test2.txt
adding: test1.txt (stored 0%)
adding: test2.txt (stored 0%)
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Apr 10 20:11 test.zip
[root@osker ~]# unzip -l test.zip
Archive: test.zip
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
0 04-10-2020 20:10 test1.txt
0 04-10-2020 20:10 test2.txt
--------- -------
0 2 files
[root@osker ~]# file test.zip
test.zip: Zip archive data, at least v1.0 to extract
以上过程可以看出，zip压缩后，创建的压缩包自动添加.zip
-q (quiet)
如果不想压缩的时候显示信息使用-q (quiet) 参数
[root@osker ~]# zip -q archive.zip test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 12
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 460 Apr 10 20:17 archive.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Apr 10 20:11 test.zip
-r (recursive)
如果要压缩一个目录，就需要用-r (recursive) 参数
[root@osker ~]# mkdir dir
[root@osker ~]# mv test{1..5}.txt dir/
[root@osker ~]# ll dir
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test5.txt
[root@osker ~]# zip -r dir.zip dir
adding: dir/ (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test1.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test2.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test3.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test4.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test5.txt (stored 0%)
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 16
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 460 Apr 10 20:17 archive.zip
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 91 Apr 10 20:20 dir
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 928 Apr 10 20:21 dir.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Apr 10 20:11 test.zip
[root@osker ~]# unzip -l dir.zip
Archive: dir.zip
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
0 04-10-2020 20:20 dir/
0 04-10-2020 20:10 dir/test1.txt
0 04-10-2020 20:10 dir/test2.txt
0 04-10-2020 20:10 dir/test3.txt
0 04-10-2020 20:10 dir/test4.txt
0 04-10-2020 20:10 dir/test5.txt
--------- -------
0 6 files
-（0-9）
设置压缩级别，默认压缩级别为-6，-0为只打包不压缩，-9压缩率最高，花费时间久。
[root@osker ~]# zip -6 -r 6dir.zip dir/
adding: dir/ (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test1.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test2.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test3.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test4.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test5.txt (stored 0%)
[root@osker ~]# zip -r xdir.zip dir/
adding: dir/ (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test1.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test2.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test3.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test4.txt (stored 0%)
adding: dir/test5.txt (stored 0%)
[root@osker ~]# ll 6dir.zip xdir.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 928 Apr 10 20:27 6dir.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 928 Apr 10 20:28 xdir.zip
可以看出默认为-6压缩级别
-e (encrypt)
为压缩包添加密码，使用-e (encrypt) 参数
[root@osker ~]# zip -e -q edir.zip dir/test1.txt
Enter password:
Verify password:
[root@osker ~]# ll edir.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204 Apr 10 20:31 edir.zip
[root@osker ~]# unzip edir.zip
Archive: edir.zip
[edir.zip] dir/test1.txt password:
replace dir/test1.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y
extracting: dir/test1.txt
-u (update): only changed or new files
需要追加文件到压缩包时，需要使用-u参数
[root@osker ~]# zip an.zip -u test1.txt
adding: test1.txt (stored 0%)
-m (move into zipfile delete original-Source files)
[root@osker ~]# zip an.zip -u test1.txt
adding: test1.txt (stored 0%)
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1080 Apr 10 21:33 an.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 21:32 test1.txt
[root@osker ~]# zip -m test.zip test1.txt
adding: test1.txt (stored 0%)
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 12
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1080 Apr 10 21:33 an.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168 Apr 10 21:37 test.zip
可以发现压缩后test1.txt文件没有了
unzip
解压缩，默认解压到当前目录
[root@osker ~]# unzip test.zip
Archive: test.zip
extracting: test1.txt
extracting: test2.txt
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 12
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 91 Apr 10 20:31 dir
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204 Apr 10 20:31 edir.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314 Apr 10 20:11 test.zip
-d (directory)
解压到指定目录，使用-d (directory) 参数
[root@osker ~]# unzip test.zip -d /opt
Archive: test.zip
creating: /opt/dir/
extracting: /opt/dir/test2.txt
extracting: /opt/dir/test3.txt
extracting: /opt/dir/test4.txt
extracting: /opt/dir/test5.txt
extracting: /opt/dir/test1.txt
[root@osker ~]# ll /opt/dir/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 20:10 test5.txt
-P (password)
解压加密的压缩包时，不想使用交互式，可以使用-P (password)参数
[root@osker ~]# unzip -P 1 edir.zip #密码为1
Archive: edir.zip
extracting: dir/test1.txt
-x (exclude)
解压时候，需要排除某个文件不解压，使用-x (exclude)参数
[root@osker ~]# unzip test.zip -x dir/test1.txt
Archive: test.zip
creating: dir/
extracting: dir/test2.txt
extracting: dir/test3.txt
extracting: dir/test4.txt
extracting: dir/test5.txt
-o (overwrite)
当解压的文件提示需要覆盖确认的时候，可以使用-o参数，不提示直接覆盖。
[root@osker ~]# unzip test.zip
Archive: test.zip
replace dir/test2.txt? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: A
extracting: dir/test2.txt
extracting: dir/test3.txt
extracting: dir/test4.txt
extracting: dir/test5.txt
extracting: dir/test1.txt
[root@osker ~]# unzip -o test.zip
Archive: test.zip
extracting: dir/test2.txt
extracting: dir/test3.txt
extracting: dir/test4.txt
extracting: dir/test5.txt
extracting: dir/test1.txt
-n (never overwrite)
解压目标目录中没有的文件
[root@osker ~]# unzip -n test.zip
Archive: test.zip
extracting: dir/new.txt
-l (list archive)
不解压查看压缩包使用-l参数
[root@osker ~]# unzip -l edir.zip
Archive: edir.zip
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
0 04-10-2020 20:10 dir/test1.txt
--------- -------
0 1 file
-t (test compressed archive data)
测试压缩包有无损坏
[root@osker ~]# unzip -t an.zip
Archive: an.zip
testing: anaconda-ks.cfg OK
testing: test1.txt OK
No errors detected in compressed data of an.zip.
-v (list verbosely/show version info)
列出压缩包里的详细信息
[root@osker ~]# unzip -v an.zip
Archive: an.zip
Length Method Size Cmpr Date Time CRC-32 Name
-------- ------ ------- ---- ---------- ----- -------- ----
1392 Defl:N 754 46% 04-19-2019 12:22 60a52de9 anaconda-ks.cfg
0 Stored 0 0% 04-10-2020 21:32 00000000 test1.txt
-------- ------- --- -------
1392 754 46% 2 files
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 12
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1080 Apr 10 21:33 an.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168 Apr 10 21:37 test.zip
-j (junk paths "do not make directories")
解压时候不生成目录
[root@osker ~]# unzip -l dir.zip
Archive: dir.zip
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
0 04-10-2020 21:47 dir/
0 04-10-2020 21:47 dir/test1.txt
0 04-10-2020 21:47 dir/test2.txt
0 04-10-2020 21:47 dir/test3.txt
--------- -------
0 4 files
[root@osker ~]# unzip -j dir.zip
Archive: dir.zip
extracting: test1.txt
extracting: test2.txt
extracting: test3.txt
[root@osker ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1392 Apr 19 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 57 Apr 10 21:47 dir
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 620 Apr 10 21:47 dir.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 21:47 test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 21:47 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 10 21:47 test3.txt
zipcloak
有时候压缩文件的时候忘记添加密码，可以使用zipcloak命令追加密码。
[root@osker ~]# zipcloak test.zip
Enter password:
Verify password:
encrypting: dir/
encrypting: dir/test2.txt
encrypting: dir/test3.txt
encrypting: dir/test4.txt
encrypting: dir/test5.txt
encrypting: dir/test1.txt
encrypting: dir/new.txt
zipdetails
可能需要安装此包
[root@osker ~]# yum install -y perl-IO-Compress
查看zip包详细属性
[root@osker ~]# zipdetails an.zip
0000 LOCAL HEADER #1 04034B50
0004 Extract Zip Spec 14 '2.0'
0005 Extract OS 00 'MS-DOS'
0006 General Purpose Flag 0000
[Bits 1-2] 0 'Normal Compression'
0008 Compression Method 0008 'Deflated'
000A Last Mod Time 4E9362D7 'Fri Apr 19 12:22:46 2019'
000E CRC 60A52DE9
0012 Compressed Length 000002F2
0016 Uncompressed Length 00000570
001A Filename Length 000F
001C Extra Length 001C
001E Filename 'anaconda-ks.cfg'
......
zipgrep
过滤压缩包的内容
[root@osker ~]# zipgrep root an.zip
anaconda-ks.cfg:rootpw --iscrypted $6$4MbbflESaQBP8rLd$zgLUIfBs9zgnNkeDfA5G67PKjt7rdf.Z/ChB59kgYw.7804KH2hiXCL1SXcCjaMrHceZcRvSN2yVcst/D/qGL/
anaconda-ks.cfg:pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
[root@osker ~]# grep 'root' anaconda-ks.cfg
rootpw --iscrypted $6$4MbbflESaQBP8rLd$zgLUIfBs9zgnNkeDfA5G67PKjt7rdf.Z/ChB59kgYw.7804KH2hiXCL1SXcCjaMrHceZcRvSN2yVcst/D/qGL/
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
可以看到和grep出来的结果是一样的。
zipinfo
查看压缩包里文件的详细属性
[root@osker ~]# zipinfo test.zip
Archive: test.zip
Zip file size: 1162 bytes, number of entries: 7
drwxr-xr-x 3.0 unx 0 Bx stor 20-Apr-10 20:58 dir/
-rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 0 Bx stor 20-Apr-10 20:10 dir/test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 0 Bx stor 20-Apr-10 20:10 dir/test3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 0 Bx stor 20-Apr-10 20:10 dir/test4.txt
-rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 0 Bx stor 20-Apr-10 20:10 dir/test5.txt
-rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 0 Bx stor 20-Apr-10 20:10 dir/test1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 3.0 unx 0 Bx stor 20-Apr-10 20:58 dir/new.txt
7 files, 0 bytes uncompressed, 0 bytes compressed: 0.0%
zipsplit
将压缩包切分为多个小包
[root@osker ~]# ll -h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Apr 10 21:03 test.zip
[root@osker ~]# zipsplit -n 1024 test.zip
2 zip files will be made (100% efficiency)
creating: test1.zip
creating: test2.zip
[root@osker ~]# ll test*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1000 Apr 10 21:16 test1.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184 Apr 10 21:16 test2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1162 Apr 10 21:03 test.zip