Centos7 安装 MySQL5.7

Centos7 安装 MySQL5.7

一、环境介绍

1.安装包版本介绍

MySQL 有三种安装方式：RPM安装、二进制包安装、源码包安装。我们这篇文章以二进制方式安装MySQL

软件名称	版本
系统版本	CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
MySQL	mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

2.二进制包相关目录介绍

MySQL Installation Layout for Generic Unix/Linux Binary Package

Directory	Contents of Directory
bin	mysqld server, client and utility programs
docs	MySQL manual in Info format
man	Unix manual pages
include	Include (header) files
lib	Libraries
share	Error messages, dictionary, and SQL for database installation
support-files	Miscellaneous support files

3.安装目录规划

配置项	说明
config	/etc/my.cnf
datadir	/data/mysql/mysql3306/data
binlogdir	/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs
tmpdir	/data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp

/data 在生产环境中这个目录最好是一个单独挂载的一个分区

server-id 为了防止server-id冲突，我们规定是主机IP地址的最后一位+MySQL监听的端口号。例如我的IP是192.168.1.100 MySQL监听的端口为3306 ，所以我的server-id = 1003306

二、安装MySQL

1.安装相关依赖

# yum install libaio -y

2.下载MySQL二进制安装包

国内源：

# wget -P /opt/  http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

国外源：

# wget -P /opt/  https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

3.创建用户

# useradd  -s /sbin/nologin  -M mysql

4.解压软连接MySQL二进制包

# mkdir /opt/mysql/
# tar zxf /opt/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/mysql/
# cd /usr/local/
# ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

5.创建数据库相关目录

# mkdir -pv /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,logs,tmp} 

6.修改相关目录权限

# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data

7.创建配置文件

我们使用的配置文件为：/etc/my.cnf

# cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
###### base ######
#my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock

[mysql]
prompt="u@h [d]>" 
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
event_scheduler = 0

#timeout
interactive_timeout = 300
wait_timeout = 300

#character set
character-set-server = utf8

open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 100000
lower_case_table_names =1

###### GTID ######
gtid-mode = on
enforce-gtid-consistency=1

###### symi replication ######
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 # 1 second
#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1

####### slow log ######
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log-error = error.log
log_warnings = 2
pid-file = mysql.pid
long_query_time = 1
#log-slow-admin-statements = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1

####### binlog ######
binlog_format = row
server-id = 1003306
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin
max_binlog_size = 256M
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 10
#procedure 
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1

####### relay log ######
skip_slave_start = 1
max_relay_log_size = 128M
relay_log_purge = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay-log=relay-bin
relay-log-index = relay-bin.index
log_slave_updates = ON
#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
#skip-grant-tables

####### buffers & cache ######
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
table_open_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 128K
join_buffer_size = 128K
thread_cache_size = 200
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 256K
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M

#myisam
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

#innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 100M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
EOF

8.初始化数据库

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf   --initialize

9.创建MySQL启动脚本

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start 

10.创建环境变量

# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
# source /etc/profile

11.修改初始密码

查看初始密码：

# grep "password" /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/error.log    
2017-05-08T07:49:40.620503Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: q=8jh*JpNar)

初始密码为： q=8jh*JpNar) 每次初始化密码都不会相同；
登录数据库修改密码为：unixfbi.com

# mysql -uroot -p初始密码
mysql> alter user user() identified by 'unixfbi.com';
或者：
mysql> SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('unixfbi.com');
mysql> flush privileges;

或者：

# PASSWD=$(grep 'password is' /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/error.log  | awk '{print $NF}')

# mysql -uroot -p"$PASSWD" --connect-expired-password -e "alter user user() identified by 'unixfbi.com';"

参考文档

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html
http://database.51cto.com/art/201108/285365.htm

本文出自 “运维特工” 博客，转载请务必保留原文链接 和 http://www.unixfbi.com